EVOLUTION OF FORMATION OF HOTEL AREAS IN THE CITIES OF WESTERN EUROPE XVIІІ ‒ EARLY XX CENTURIES

Abstract

In the research, the urban development aspect of hotel areas in the context of severe urban changes that took place in the cities of Western Europe during the XVIIІ - early XX centuries were analyzed. It was investigated how due to external factors of influence new composite forms of the location of hotels in urban areas were formed and more modern algorithms of interaction between current urban planning realities and the formation of new, improved functional and planning proposals in the design, construction and operation of European hotels were formed in the second half of the XIX – early XX century. The scale of evolutionary changes has been constructed during this historical period and the main stages of the formation of the hotel industry in Europe have been studied. Four main compositional variants of urban areas were discovered, in which the hotels of that time were built: the frontal site, through the section, located on the corner and the hotel quarter. The prevailing forms of the location of hotels in these areas in the urban environment were analyzed, as well as the external factors of influence not only on the change of the urban construction concept were investigated, but also on the emergence of new architectural and planning decisions, which in their basic structure have survived to this day almost unchanged. Among the main features of the development of urban development, it should be noted the active development of the area of the former economic yard, which functionally began to be used directly by the hotel itself. This philosophy of increasing the room number and profitability of the institution has led to a gradual complication of the composite component and to the complete development of the hotel area with the selection of one or more internal atriums that were involved in separate public spaces and hotel areas.