Abstract
When dense granular systems are exposed to external forcing, they evolve on the time scale that is typically related to the externally imposed one (shear or compression rate, for example). This evolution could be characterized by observing temporal evolution of contact networks. However, it is not immediately clear whether the force networks, defined on contact networks by considering force interactions between the particles, evolve on a similar time scale. To analyze the evolution of these networks, we carry out discrete element simulations of a system of soft frictional disks exposed to compression that leads to jamming. By using the tools of computational topology, we show that close to jamming transition, the force networks evolve on the time scale which is much faster than the externally imposed one. The presentation will discuss the factors that determine this fast time scale.
Highlights
The interaction between particles that build dense granular matter (DGM) is characterized by the presence of a force network, mesoscopic structure that spontaneously form as a granular system is exposed to shear or compression
Since the evolution of force networks varies from realization to realization, and the distances between considered states of the system may be rather noisy, we considered the averages over a large number (20) of realizations [12]
The force networks are found to evolve on the time scale that is much faster than the one introduced by externally imposed driving
Summary
The interaction between particles that build dense granular matter (DGM) is characterized by the presence of a force network, mesoscopic structure that spontaneously form as a granular system is exposed to shear or compression. Earlier approaches, used to analyze these structures, usually involved rather arbitrary choices of the force thresholds and often depended on ad hoc descriptions of the structures To avoid these problems we define the force network [11] as a collection of sets {Xθ}θ∈R such that for θ ≥ 0 the set Xθ is the part of the contact network on which the force interactions between the particles exceed the value θ. In the series of papers [9,10,11,12], we make use of an algebraic topological technique that rigorously describes geometric structures of the sets {Xθ}θ∈R over all force levels θ This approach provides a quantitative description of the force networks. It allows us to define a concept of distance between force networks, so we can quantitatively compare them
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