Abstract
New ceramic materials and novel fabrication methods have been developed and introduced in dentistry with the aim to improve the longevity of dental ceramic restorations and to extent their use for more demanding clinical situations like construction of multi units posterior fixed partial dentures (FPDs). Dental ceramics have now reached a stage of development where it is possible to make long-span metal free posterior FPDs. Dentists and dental technicians should have knowledge of advances in dental ceramic materials and fabrication methods available to understand advantages and disadvantages of the restorative systems in order to make an optimal choice in each specific clinical situation.
Highlights
In 1776 ceramic material was first suggested for a dental application by the French chemist Alexis Duchateau who worked in collaboration with the dentist Dubois de Chemant to produce the first complete denture
Two elements are important for the success of a dental ceramic restoration: 1 advances in the chemical composition leading to more strength but less aesthetic; 2. advance in fabrication methods
Ceramic is a biocompatible and aesthetic material but its use was in the past restricted to restore posterior continuing missing teeth
Summary
In 1776 ceramic material was first suggested for a dental application by the French chemist Alexis Duchateau who worked in collaboration with the dentist Dubois de Chemant to produce the first complete denture. The ceramic employed was a high fusing feldspathic material (1050°C–1200°C) containing 15 vol.% of crystalline quartz that was condensed over a platinum foil, adapted directly on the prepared natural tooth [2]. Despite its aesthetic advantage due to a high content of feldspathic glass, which provided a translucent restoration [3], the material was extremely brittle (flexural strength 60 MPa) [4] causing fracture during service [5]. At this point, the main disadvantage of the ceramic was the relatively low strength, which limited the use
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