Evolution of Deformation Fabrics Related to Petrogenesis of Upper Mantle Xenoliths Beneath the Baekdusan Volcano

Munjae Park,Haemyeong Jung,Youngwoo Kil

doi:10.3390/min10090831

Abstract

Knowledge of the formation and evolution of cratonic subcontinental lithospheric mantle is critical to our understanding of the processes responsible for continental development. Here, we report the deformation microstructures and lattice preferred orientations (LPOs) of olivine and pyroxenes alongside petrological data from spinel peridotite xenoliths beneath the Baekdusan volcano. We have used these datasets to constrain the evolution of deformation fabrics related to petrogenesis from the Baekdusan peridotites. Based on petrographic features and deformation microstructures, we have identified two textural categories for these peridotites: coarse- and fine-granular harzburgites (CG and FG Hzb). We found that mineral composition, equilibrium temperature, olivine LPO, stress, and extraction depth vary considerably with the texture. We suggest that the A-type olivine LPO in the CG Hzb may be related to the preexisting Archean cratonic mantle fabric (i.e., old frozen LPO) formed under high-temperature, low-stress, and dry conditions. Conversely, we suggest that the D-type olivine LPOs in the FG Hzb samples likely originated from later localized deformation events under low-temperature, high-stress, and dry conditions after a high degree of partial melting. Moreover, we consider the Baekdusan peridotite xenoliths to have been derived from a compositionally and texturally heterogeneous vertical mantle section beneath the Baekdusan volcano.

Highlights

Cratons are the oldest and thickest domains of the Earth’s lithosphere [1,2] and are commonly associated with subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM), which is characterized by a cold lithospheric mantle root extending to depths >250 km [3]
We found the spinel harzburgite xenoliths from Baekdusan to consist of olivine (63–75 vol.%), orthopyroxene (21–34 vol.%), clinopyroxene, and minor spinel, based on the area fraction of each mineral in the electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) maps (Table 1)
For the first time, the deformation microstructures and lattice preferred orientations (LPOs) of minerals alongside petrological data from spinel peridotite xenoliths beneath the Baekdusan volcano

Summary

Introduction

Cratons are the oldest and thickest domains of the Earth’s lithosphere [1,2] and are commonly associated with subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM), which is characterized by a cold lithospheric mantle root extending to depths >250 km [3]. SCLM typically comprises of highly refractory residues produced by high degrees of partial melting [5,6,7,8]. This refractory mantle is unlikely to melt again subsequently unless heated by a hot mantle plume [2]. Fragments of deep cratonic lithosphere, such as peridotite xenoliths, can be brought to the surface by basaltic magmas. These xenoliths can provide valuable insights into deformation processes in the upper mantle [9,10]; enhancing our understanding of physical and chemical characteristics

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion