Abstract
Ash with high calcium content is produced by coal combusting in 'Gacko' thermal power plant (Bosnia and Herzegovina). Result of controlled mixture of water and ash is spontaneous ash solidification on disposal site. Speed and solidification efficiency depends on content of calcium-oxide in ash and water: ash mass ratio, which was determined by previous research. Mass ratio that was chosen as the most suitable ratio for industrial usage (roughly) was 1:1. Samples of ash of different age were taken after 6.5 years of exploitation and their chemical, physical, mineralogical and geotechnical characteristics were analyzed. Disposed ash was stratified and very heterogeneous. It was shown that great impact on solidification process in practice have climate conditions, proper handling slurry processing, work continuity and disposal site preparation. Great impact of water is noticed which is, because of its water permeability filtrated into lower layers and significantly alters it characteristic.
Highlights
More than 700 million tons of ash is produced from coal worldwide [1]
Slurry disposal and preparation process is based on ash feature to produces chemical reaction that condition solidification of disposed ash in relative brief time (Figure 2)
There is no free water on the surface, which may mean that all the water is used up in the solidification process or that is infiltrated in disposed mass
Summary
More than 700 million tons of ash is produced from coal worldwide [1]. It gives ratio of 100 kg of ash per 1 inhabitant per year and while Earth is concerned it goes to 47 kg/km. Mixing of fly ash with high concentration of calcium with nuclear waste and cement is often used to transfer nuclear waste into stabile state, i.e. to prevent any leachability from nuclear waste disposal sites. This technology is called chemical fixation and solidification (CFS) [9-15,]. Compressive strength achieved under hydrothermal conditions was above 10 MPa. Research of conditions of solidification of ash with low calcium content out of TPP “Kostolac-B” in Serbia gave positive results by using lime and bentonite, when participation of additives was 5-10% [25]. Compressive strength of disposed ash was above 17 MPa [29]
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