Abstract
This chapter describes the evolution of automation from Industry 1.0 to 3.0 as well as e‐Manufacturing, which is the predecessor of Industry 4.0. It presents the core technologies of Industry 4.0 and the concept of mass customization, and introduces the concept of Zero Defects (ZD), which is the vision of Industry 4.1. In the advanced e‐Manufacturing model, both the manufacturing execution system and supply chain belong to the manufacturing portion, whereas the Equipment Engineering System and engineering chain are closely related to the engineering portion. The chapter introduces the definition and core technologies of Industry 4.0 as well as the requirement of mass customization. Since the late 1960s, ZD has been one of the quality‐improvement objectives for accomplishing manufacturing quality. As semiconductor manufacturing technologies advance, semiconductor manufacturing processes are becoming more and more sophisticated.
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