Evolution of Approaches to Understanding Functional Diagnosis in Psychiatry: From Theoretical Conceptualization to Practical Using

Abstract

Background: the complex process of transition to the new International Classification of Diseases 11th revision and intensive research in the field of clinical, biological and social psychiatry involves the integration of acquired knowledge about the patient on the basis of a holistic approach. The functional diagnosis of mental disorders is becoming more important as well as the possibility of formulating a functional diagnosis as a system of holistic assessment of the patient’s condition.Objective: to present the overview of domestic and foreign modern research on the evolution of conceptual views on functional diagnosis in psychiatry and the possibility of its practical applying.Material and method: a search of scientific publications in the databases of MedLine/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, eLibrary, Google Scholar was made over the past 20 years using the keywords “mental disorders”, “functional diagnostics”, “biopsychosocial model”. As a result 97 authors in accordance with criteria were selected.Results: Analysis of literature testifies that systematic approach to solving the problems of people with mental disorders, in despite of declare is not used in practice. A functional diagnosis is a tool that provides an opportunity to synthesize various information about a patient. The evolution of views on functional diagnostics in psychiatry based on the analysis of various diagnostic concepts is considered in a historical perspective. Taking into account new knowledge in the field of psychiatry, clinical psychology and neuroscience, modern methodological approaches to the substantiation of a functional diagnosis are presented. The role of an integrative dynamic biopsychosocial approach in the treatment and psychosocial rehabilitation of people with mental disorders is shown. The expediency of using a functional diagnosis in planning, implementing and evaluating the effectiveness of team methods of work in psychiatric practice is substantiated.Conclusion: the term “functional diagnosis” is a reliable framework model that allows a holistic and systematic approach to the patient’s problems, setting and solving new scientific and practical problems.