Abstract
Historically the transition of villages to cities was the final and most important stage of development in all largest cities around the world. In this context, the article attempts to understand the evolution of Kolkata not only from urban expansion but also from social and economic perspective of population composition. Since its foundation in 1690 by the side of the Hooghly River, Kolkata (the then Calcutta) was an important trade centre due to its excellent communication network. During the colonial period it was the capital of British India. The visible command of the city around its neighbouring regions influenced in-migration from the subcontinent and Europe. After the Indian independence, the region experienced an influx of refugees. This article also explores the integrated social relationship among communities in the city. By diversity of time, the last decade witnessed a negative population growth in Kolkata though the population was densely distributed.
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