Abstract
ABSTRACT The paradigm of regional planning theory is evolving. Planning theory may emerge substantively in the context of science and specific aspects. The resilience theory is constituted in the evolution of substantive planning and equilibrium theories because neither theory can respond to existing disturbances and pressures. This resilience approach theory emerged to defy the notion of equilibrium theory, which presumes that the nature of the system will attain stability and normality within a certain period. In this perspective, resilience does not mean the system will return to normality. However, the system has the complexity to evolve, adapt, and respond promptly to these disturbances and pressures. The theory of the resilience planning approach is considered a development of the social-ecological system. This research aims to identify the evolution of resilience and the realization of resilience to bounce back better through spatial planning.
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