Abstract

Since the early 1980s, there has been an interest in quality improvement in the National Health Service (NHS) in the UK. A number of District Health Authorities (DHAs) in response to a national policy on quality of care set up quality assurance (QA) and quality circles (QCs) programmes as part of a move towards total quality management (TQM). These programmes were set up during a period of financial constraint in the NHS. By means of a case study, this paper explores the evolution, development and implementation of the programmes, and the effects of the financial constraints and organizational changes on the programmes. It is argued that the case study DHAs had some difficulties in developing and implementing QA because they had no clear understanding of the concept and did not clearly differentiate between QA and TQM and the role of QCs in the process. Under pressure from the Regional Health Authorities (RHAs) to show commitment to quality, the DHAs used the QCs as the showcase of the quality improvement...

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