Abstract
BackgroundCommunity-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) was first reported in remote regions of Western Australia and is now the predominant MRSA isolated in the state. The objective of this study is to determine the genetic relatedness of Western Australian CA-MRSA clones within different multilocus sequence type (MLST) clonal clusters providing an insight into the frequency of S. aureus SCCmec acquisition within a region.ResultsThe CA-MRSA population in Western Australia is genetically diverse consisting of 83 unique pulsed-field gel electrophoresis strains from which 46 MLSTs have been characterised. Forty five of these sequence types are from 18 MLST clonal clusters and two singletons. While SCCmec IV and V are the predominant SCCmec elements, SCCmec VIII and several novel and composite SCCmec elements are present. The emergence of MRSA in diverse S. aureus clonal clusters suggests horizontal transmission of the SCCmec element has occurred on multiple occasions. Furthermore DNA microarray and spa typing suggests horizontal transfer of SCCmec elements has also occurred within the same CC. For many single and double locus variant CA-MRSA clones only a few isolates have been detected.ConclusionsAlthough multiple CA-MRSA clones have evolved in the Western Australian community only three clones have successfully adapted to the Western Australian community environment. These data suggest the successful evolution of a CA-MRSA clone may not only depend on the mobility of the SCCmec element but also on other genetic determinants.
Highlights
Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) was first reported in remote regions of Western Australia and is the predominant MRSA isolated in the state
Based on phenotypic and genotypic typing methods, community onset methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections are caused by healthcare-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA) strains, which appear to have been transferred from hospitals or healthcare facilities into the community by patients or healthcare workers [1], or by community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) strains, which have been isolated from people who have had little or no contact with healthcare facilities or healthcare
The aim of this study is to determine the genetic relatedness of Western Australia (WA) CA-MRSA clones within different multilocus sequence type (MLST) clonal clusters (CC) providing an insight into the frequency of S. aureus staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) acquisition within a region
Summary
Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) was first reported in remote regions of Western Australia and is the predominant MRSA isolated in the state. (USA300) and ST1-IV [2B] (USA400) in North America [9,10]; ST80-IV [2B] (European clone) in Europe [8], North Africa [11] and the Middle East [12]; ST59-V [5C2&5] (Taiwan clone) in Taiwan [13]; ST93-IV [2B] (Queensland clone) in Australia [14], ST30-IV [2B] (South West Pacific [SWP] CA-MRSA) in the Western Pacific [15,16], and ST772-V [5C2] (Bengal Bay clone) in India and Bangladesh [17] Transmission of these clones into other regions has occurred [18,19]. Noteworthy are a number of common features of these epidemics, prominent among them the ability to cause severe infections in young otherwise healthy people and the carriage of the lukF-PV/lukS-PV PVL encoding genes by the organism
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