Abstract
The generation of municipal solid waste (MSW) has increased over time in Brazil, along with changes in waste quality, which gives rise to discussions regarding the importance of properly managing and disposing of these wastes. Currently, issues involving the management of MSW have a central focus in carrying out public policies. Effective implementation of the National Solid Waste Policy (NSWP) - Law no. 12,305/2010 is expected to bring changes in the panorama of solid waste in Brazil. This work is a review of literature that aims to address some aspects of the MSW in Brazil, considering some changes expected to occur in the public sector after NSWP implementation. Some data is presented and discussed in order to foster an understanding of the evolution of MSW management in Brazil and to highlight challenges for the NSWP compliance with regulation, such as the expansion of the collection and treatment of MSW, more active societal involvement in waste-separation processes and the difficulty of eradicating open dumps and replacing them with landfills. In general, while there were improvements in MSW management, they were insufficient to address the changes proposed by the NSWP in order to establish integrated MSW management that would be effective and sustainable for both the environment and society. This indicates the need for urgent change in the structure of the MSW sector in Brazil.
Highlights
The generation of municipal solid waste (MSW) has increased over time in Brazil, along with changes in waste quality, which gives rise to discussions regarding the importance of properly managing and disposing of these wastes
This work is a review of literature that aims to address some aspects of the MSW in Brazil, considering some changes expected to occur in the public sector after National Solid Waste Policy (NSWP) implementation
Some data is presented and discussed in order to foster an understanding of the evolution of MSW management in Brazil and to highlight challenges for the NSWP compliance with regulation, such as the expansion of the collection and treatment of MSW, more active societal involvement in waste-separation processes and the difficulty of eradicating open dumps and replacing them with landfills
Summary
A gestão adequada dos resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU) é um grande desafio para os países em desenvolvimento (Henry et al, 2006; Saikia e Nath, 2015). No Brasil, apesar de a sociedade ser responsável pela gestão e principalmente geração dos resíduos, ainda são os municípios os principais responsáveis pelo seu gerenciamento (Brasil, 2010). Com a implementação da PNRS, espera-se algumas mudanças relacionadas aos aspectos considerados importantes para a questão dos RSU no Brasil dentro do setor público e privado, envolvendo desde catadores até toda população. Neste artigo, os autores abordam algumas reflexões sobre o panorama dos resíduos sólidos no Brasil, levando em consideração o atendimento dos aspectos relacionados ao gerenciamento dos RSU esperados que acontecessem dentro do setor público após a implementação da PNRS. A qual entrou em plena vigência no final de 2014 após o encerramento do prazo de quatro anos concedidos pela lei para a implementação de uma destinação ambientalmente adequada dos resíduos sólidos urbanos em todo o país
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