Evli kadınların HPV aşısına destek sağlayan erkek partner özellikleri

BackgroundCervical cancer is one of the most diagnosed and deadly cancers in women globally. Though vaccination is an effective way to reduce cervical cancer, people’s knowledge and acceptance of the vaccination remains a challenge in low and middle-income countries. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the level of knowledge and acceptance of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) vaccination and its associated factors among parents of daughters in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among parents or guardians whose daughters are in the age group of 9–17 years and residing in Akaki-Kalty sub-city in Addis Ababa. A multistage sampling technique was used to select the study participants (n = 430). Face-to-face interview was conducted by using a structured questionnaire. Factors associated with the acceptance of HPV vaccination was identified by multivariable binary logistic regression and expressed by adjusted odds ratio (aOR), and respective 95% confidence interval.ResultsComplete response was obtained from 422 (98.1%) of the participants and their mean age was 39.0 years (SD ± 9.9). Out of the study participants, 41.7% and 72.0% had poor knowledge on cervical cancer and HPV, respectively. More than a quarter (27.0%) of the participants has never heard about HPV vaccine. One-third (36.5%) of the participants had negative attitude towards the HPV vaccine. Overall, 94.3% of the study participants were willing to vaccinate their daughters for HPV. Vaccine acceptability was associated with higher monthly income (aOR = 2.48, 95% CI 1.08–6.34), good knowledge on HPV (aOR = 2.32, 95% CI 1.56–4.87) and the vaccine (aOR = 2.24, 95% CI 1.12–8.60), and positive attitude towards the vaccine (aOR = 5.03, 95% CI 1.63—9.56).ConclusionsThe overall HPV vaccine acceptance was high. However, two out of five and one-thirds of the parents had poor knowledge on cervical cancer and negative attitude towards the HPV vaccine, respectively. Higher monthly income, good knowledge on HPV and the vaccine, and positive attitude towards the vaccine were associated with acceptance of HPV vaccination. To ensure sustainable acceptance of HPV vaccination, it is crucial to increase the community awareness in a sustainable manner.

Aim: This study was conducted to assess the awareness of women about cervical cancer and human papilloma virus (HPV) and to evaluate their HPV DNA test results.Materials and Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in 250 women who applied to Cancer Early Diagnosis Screening and Training Center (KETEM) at Konya Training and Research Hospital of Health Sciences University. A questionnaire prepared by the researchers was applied to determine the women's sociodemographic characteristics, cervical cancer and HPV knowledge levels.Results: The mean age of the women was 47.7 ± 7.5 years old. When the smear results of the women included in the study are examined, HPV was positive in 3.2% (n=8). Participants with higher education levels had significantly higher Pap smear test knowledge and performed more Pap smear tests than those who had lower education levels (p<0.001). Participants with higher monthly income had significantly higher levels of HPV vaccination knowledge (p=0.014). Women who had regular gynecological examinations, had higher screening test knowledge and had Pap smear tests more than those who were not screened regularly (p<0.001). Participants who know what is a Pap smear test, had a significantly higher HPV vaccine knowledge (p<0.001). Women who had higher education levels had a significantly higher knowledge level about HPV-related lesions (p<0.001).Conclusions: Pap smear test rates, awareness and knowledge regarding HPV, cervical cancer and HPV vaccine were appeared to be very low in our study. It is possible to reduce disorders caused by HPV infection and cervical cancer incidence by improving awareness for cervical cancer and HPV infection, generalizing use of preventive measures, and extending participation to screening programs and HPV vaccination.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccinations protect against HPV infections. The infection might lead to vaginal cancer, vulvar cancer, genital warts, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia lesions, and cervical cancer. This study assessed hesitancy of HPV vaccination, associated factors, and barriers to vaccination among youth girls in Ethiopia. An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among female undergraduate students at the University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, between July and August 2022. The data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. A simple random sampling method was used to recruit participants. The data were entered and analyzed with SPSS version 26. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the participants' demographic characteristics. Logistic regression was performed to identify the significant factors associated with acceptance of the HPV vaccine. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. The study included 423 participants with a mean age of 22.5 ± 6.7 years. Only more than one-third (35.2, 95% CI: 27.2-44.1) received the HPV vaccine. Currently, more than one-fourth (27.9, 95% Cl: 21.4-33.8) of participants are hesitant to receive the HPV vaccine. Higher monthly income (AOR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.08-6.34), good knowledge of the HPV vaccine (AOR = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.12-4.87), and a positive attitude towards the vaccine (AOR = 3.03, 95% CI: 1.63-9.56) were significantly associated with acceptance of HPV vaccination. Safety concerns (63.1%), misinformation (42.8%), and parental concerns (42.3%) about the HPV vaccine were among the top perceived reported barriers to receiving the HPV vaccine. This result showed that more than a quarter number of youth girls are still hesitant to receive HPV vaccinations. To increase vaccination acceptance, interventions should focus on awareness-raising programs about HPV infection and vaccines and addressing safety and parental concerns.

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is linked to cervical cancer, which is prevalent in Saudi Arabia. While HPV vaccines are effective, their coverage remains low in low- and middle-income countries. Public awareness of HPV vaccination is also limited. The study examines public awareness of cervical cancer, HPV, the HPV vaccine, and factors that hinder vaccine uptake.Objectives: To assess the levels of knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions towards HPV vaccination among women aged 16 years and above in Makkah, Saudi Arabia.Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted using an interview questionnaire. A stratified sampling technique was used to select a representative sample of 534 female patients aged 16 years and older who visited primary healthcare centers in Makkah. The interview questionnaire included questions related to sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge about HPV vaccination, attitudes and perceptions toward HPV vaccination, and sources of information about HPV infection and vaccines. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests.Results: The majority of participants were aged between 21 and 40 years (76.4%), Saudi (90.3%), and had a higher education level (73.4%). Only a small proportion (1.9%-39%) of participants correctly answered most of the questions related to HPV vaccination, while a few questions were answered correctly by a larger proportion (41.6%-59.6%), highlighting the need for educational programs to increase awareness about the HPV vaccine. The internet and social media were the most prevalent sources of information about HPV infection and vaccines (48.4%). A majority of participants expressed willingness to receive the HPV vaccine if offered by the healthcare sector at no cost (65.5%). Concerns included fear of injection (27.7%), cost (23.2%), and potential refusal from family or community (9.7%). A significant proportion believed that there is a need for educational sessions to increase awareness about the HPV vaccine in their community (82.8%) and that increased knowledge about HPV vaccines would lead to greater acceptability (83.9%). Age, nationality, marital status, number of children, educational status, occupation, and average monthly income were significantly associated with knowledge about HPV vaccination (p < 0.05). Age and educational status were significantly associated with attitudes towards HPV vaccination (p < 0.05).Conclusion: The lack of knowledge about HPV vaccination among adult women in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, is concerning, as it may result in low vaccine uptake rates and an increased incidence of HPV-related diseases. Therefore, targeted educational programs and awareness campaigns are crucial to enhance knowledge and promote the uptake of the HPV vaccine. These programs should be designed to provide accurate information about the prevalence of HPV, its associated risks, and the benefits of vaccination.

Vaccinating Adolescents—New Evidence of Challenges and Opportunities

Human Papillomavirus and Vaccination

Impact of human papillomavirus vaccine in reducing genital warts: A Google Trends analysis

BackgroundProgress has been made in the reduction of morbidity and mortality of cervical cancer by the implementation of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programs. This study aimed to assess the awareness of Palestinian women about HPV as well as their knowledge and acceptability of the HPV vaccine and to examine the factors associated with good awareness.MethodsThis was a national cross-sectional study. Adult women were recruited from hospitals, primary healthcare centers, and public spaces in 11 Palestinian governorates using convenience sampling. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. For each correctly answered question, one point was given. The total score was calculated and categorized into poor (0–10) and good awareness (11–21).ResultsThe questionnaire was completed by 7223 women out of 8086 who were approached (response rate = 89.3%). A total of 7058 questionnaires were included in the final analysis; 4403 from the West Bank and Jerusalem (WBJ) and 2655 from the Gaza Strip. Women recruited from the Gaza Strip were younger, getting lower monthly incomes, and with fewer chronic diseases than women recruited from the WBJ.Only 33 women (0.5%) displayed good awareness of HPV and its vaccine with 0.7% of women from WBJ and only 0.2% of women from the Gaza Strip. Completing post-secondary education, being employed or a student, and having a higher monthly income were associated with an increase in the likelihood of having good awareness.Among women who had heard of HPV (n = 571, 8.1%), only 46 women (8.1%) reported familiarity with its vaccine. Women from the WBJ were more likely than women from the Gaza Strip to have heard about the HPV vaccine (0.9% vs. 0.2%). Most women agreed to receive the HPV vaccine themselves or for their daughters if it was given without cost or with a co-payment. No differences were found in the likelihood of agreeing to receive the HPV vaccine among women in the WBJ versus the Gaza Strip.ConclusionThe overall awareness of HPV and its vaccine was extremely low. Inclusion of the HPV vaccine in the national immunization program could change this, especially as the HPV vaccine appeared to be acceptable.

Background: A quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine was licensed in 2009 for boys and young males aged 9-26 years for the prevention of genital warts. In 2011, new recommendations to routine vaccination were given for prevention of genital warts and anal cancer in males. Given that HPV vaccine is most effective if administered prior to HPV exposure through sexual contact, vaccination promotion strategies on male adolescents younger than 17 years old are essential. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to describe the profile of parents of boys 9-17 years old, identify correlates associated with HPV vaccine initiation, and have a better understanding of the educational messages that might influence the HPV vaccine administration. Methods: A mixed-method study was conducted in HealthproMed, a Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC) in Santurce, Puerto Rico. A self-administered questionnaire containing sociodemographic information as well as a module on HPV vaccine was collected among 200 parents. Also, two separate focus group sessions were held among parents of vaccinated and unvaccinated boys. Descriptive statistics were performed to characterize the study population. Bivariate analysis was used to assess HPV vaccine initiation (received ≤ 1 dose) as the dependent variable, and other parents and sons' characteristics as independent variables. Those variables who achieved statistical significance (p &amp;lt;0.05) in the bivariate analysis were then included in a multivariate logistic regression model. Results: The mean age of the recruited parents was 37.7 ± 7.2 years old. The vast majority were females (88.5%), born in Puerto Rico (65.3%), and reported a high school degree or lower (57.4%). Regarding sons' characteristics, their mean age was 12.5 ± 2.6 years old. Most of the parents reported that their sons had visited a healthcare provider in the last year (78.1%) and that they had a healthcare coverage (75.0%). Approximately a third of the parents reported that their sons had initiated the HPV vaccination (29.3%). Most of the interviewed parents have heard about HPV infection (88.1%), and the administration of the vaccine among males (62.4%). In multivariate analysis, parents who had asked a health provider (OR= 6.5; 95% CI= 1.2-34.4) and received a health provider recommendation (OR= 13.0; 95% CI= 2.1-82.7) to get their sons the HPV vaccine, as well as having a daughter who had received the HPV vaccine (OR= 4.9; 95% CI= 1.1-22.4), were more likely to have initiated the HPV vaccine administration. Focus groups supported our quantitative analysis in recommending health care providers for HPV vaccination. Presentations of clinical images to document the health consequences of HPV infection were suggested by parents. Interest topics among parents in order to increase HPV vaccination includes: (1) understanding of the risk factors for HPV infection; (2) vaccine costs; (3) places where the vaccine can be administered; and (4) understanding the importance of administer the vaccine in a timely schedule. Conclusions: Quantitative data shows that health care provider recommendation is associated with HPV vaccine initiation. Qualitative data, on the other hand, highlighted the topics and messages that should be included as part of educational campaigns targeting parents and young men for HPV vaccination. Since a high percentage of unvaccinated parents indicated that they have not received recommendation from healthcare providers, efforts in HPV vaccine promotion should include capacity building strategies for healthcare providers to then educate parents and their sons about the benefits of the HPV vaccination. Citation Format: Lizbeth M. Del Toro-Mejias, Alexandra Conde-Toro, Michelle Serra-Rivera, Tania M. Martinez, Veronica Rodriguez, Hector Villanueva, Luis Berdiel, Vivian Colon-Lopez. HPV vaccine initiation among Hispanic adolescent males in Puerto Rico: A mixed-method study. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Sixth AACR Conference: The Science of Cancer Health Disparities; Dec 6–9, 2013; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014;23(11 Suppl):Abstract nr B62. doi:10.1158/1538-7755.DISP13-B62

Cost Effectiveness of HPV Vaccine for Boys

Background: Approximately 43,000 human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cancers and 350,000 genital warts are diagnosed annually in the United States. The HPV vaccine can prevent HPV-associated cancers and genital warts. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends routine HPV vaccination for adolescents between 11 and 12 years of age, and catch-up vaccination up to 45 years recently. Despite the availability, safety, and efficacy of HPV vaccines, uptake has been suboptimal compared to other routine vaccinations in adolescents, and even worse for adults in the catch-up group. As little is known about geographic variation in HPV vaccine uptake among adults, we explored how HPV vaccine initiation and completion rates among 18–34 year olds (both men and women) varies by geographic region. Methods: We analyzed data from 16 states (Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Georgia, Hawaii, Massachusetts, Mississippi, Missouri, New Hampshire, Nebraska, North Carolina, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, and West Virginia) which conducted the adult HPV module survey during 2015–2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Two variables were used to define geographic region: census region (South, Northeast and Midwest/west) and residential area (urban and rural). HPV vaccine initiation was defined as receipt of at least one dose of the vaccine and completion as receipt of three doses. Weighted, multivariable binary logistic regression models were used to assess the association between geographic region and HPV vaccine uptake, adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, and healthcare utilization factors. Results: A total of 18,078 adults were included in the study, of whom 80% resided in the South. The overall HPV initiation and completion rates were 23.4% and 11.0%, respectively. Vaccine initiation was higher among those who resided in the Northeast (38.6%) followed by Midwest/west (23.8%) and lowest for those in the South (21.8%). But initiation rates was similar between those who reside in urban (24.1%) and rural (21.0%) areas. Completion rates followed the same trend as initiation for both census region and residential area. In the adjusted models, compared to adults residing in the South, those living in the Northeast were more likely to initiate (adjusted odds ratio: 2.14; 95 % CI: 1.81–2.53) and complete (1.80; 1.47–2.20) the HPV vaccine. There were no significant differences observed for initiation or completion by residential area. Conclusions: Both the South and the Northeast have low HPV vaccination initiation and completion rates compare to the Healthy People 2020 goal of 80%, but vaccine uptake were significantly lower in the South region. No difference in HPV vaccine uptake was observed between the rural and urban areas. This demonstrates the need to develop and implement interventions programs to reduce geographical disparities in HPV vaccine uptake and ultimately to improve HPV vaccine uptake, especially in the South region. Citation Format: Eric Adjei Boakye, Maggie Wang, Wiley D Jenkins, Nosayaba Osazuwa-Peters, Oluwole Babatunde, Min Jee Lee, Minjin Kim. Geographic variation in human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination initiation and completion among adults in the United States [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr C084.

Human Papillomavirus (Cervical Cancer) Vaccine Update

The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and awareness levels of 18-year-old and older women and men on HPV infection, HPV vaccine, and the potential risk factors in Hatay, Turkey. In our study, it was found that overall 27.0 and 23.2% of the participants reported having heard of HPV infection and HPV vaccine. The rate of participants who had heard of HPV infection and HPV vaccine was higher in women than in men (p<0.000). Thirteen percent of the participants was aware of the fact that HPV triggers cervical cancer, 10.2% penile cancer, and 16.7% genital warts, respectively. The overall vaccination rate of the participants was 2.7%. When the total knowledge score of the participants about HPV infection and HPV vaccine was evaluated according to independent variables, it was found that being a woman, urbanization, and having a high level of education had a positive effect on knowledge score, while never having heard of HPV infection and HPV vaccine had a negative effect on knowledge score (p<0.000). It was determined in the linear regression model that gender, educational status, residential area, and having heard of HPV infection before influenced knowledge levels. It was determined that the relation between these variables and the total knowledge scores of the participants was statistically significant (p<0.05). It was also determined that women who had higher educational levels, those who were living in urban areas, and those who had heard HPV infection before had higher knowledge levels. The level of knowledge of the participants about HPV infection and HPV vaccine was found to be very low. Having adequate knowledge about HPV infection and increasing the acceptance of HPV vaccination in public will play an important role in decreasing the rate of mortality and morbidity of the different HPV-associated cancers in women and men.

The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine provides an effective strategy against HPV infection, genital warts, and cervical cancer. While the HPV vaccine is available worldwide, acceptance outside of Western countries is unknown. The purpose of the study was to examine health beliefs and intention to obtain the HPV vaccination among undergraduate women in Taiwan. A predictive model of HPV vaccination intention was investigated. A convenience sample of 845 female undergraduate students (mean age = 20 years, aged: 17-36 years) recruited from 5 universities located in South Taiwan, provided data. A self-administered questionnaire requested demographic information, gynecologic history, awareness of HPV and the vaccine, health beliefs, and intention to obtain the HPV vaccine. Over 50% of the undergraduate women were aware of HPV and the HPV vaccine. Sixty-three percent of the students reported a high intention to obtain the HPV vaccine. Demographic factors predicting HPV vaccination included: age, family history of gynecologic cancer, personal history of gynecological visit, sexual experience, and awareness of HPV and the HPV vaccine. Health belief factors predicting HPV vaccination included: personal susceptibility of disease, perception of disease severity, attributes of HPV, cost and availability of vaccine, attributes of HPV, and recommendations from others. Improving undergraduate women's HPV vaccination rate will require educational campaigns, specifically focused on the efficacy, safety, and benefits of the HPV vaccine and the attributes of HPV infection. Targeting incoming students who are not yet sexually active could achieve successful outcomes.

Background: In Indonesia, Human Papilloma virus (HPV) vaccination for children aged 9-13 years has not been widely done for prevention of cervical cancer. Schools contribute to the delivery of information about HPV vaccine. This research aims to explore perceptions of HPV, cervical cancer and the behaviour to ward HPV vaccination among teachers, parents and female adolescents. Method: This study employed a qualitative design with focus group discussions involving 58 participants. This research was conducted in junior high schools. The inclusion criteria were female students, parents and teachers, while the exclusion criteria were female students have HPV vaccinated. The data was analyzed by content analysis approach. Results: There were three themes: 1) Limited knowledge about the vulnerability between HPV and cervical cancer, and the lack of familiarity with HPV vaccine, 2) Insufficient insurance and overall cost for HPV vaccination, and 3) Parental involvement in HPV vaccination. Conclusion: The study showed the importance of HPV-related reproductive health promotion and financial support for increasing HPV vaccination coverage.