Abstract
The ubtaDerp(s) uktainti(s) appears (with slight variations) some twenty times in the Middle Assyrian Laws (MAL).2 Both verbs are well known, having the same basic meaning in the D-stem (make firm). Nonetheless, the exact meaning of the couplet has proved elusive. In their classic commentary, Driver and Miles called it curious phrase and translated they have brought charge (and) proof against him:'3 In their interpretation, the subject is always the accusers or witnesses. The verb ubtaD3era refers to an accusation and uktaDina to adducing sufficient evidence.4 They admit, however, that the presence or absence of the procedure in the Laws seems arbitrary. More difficulty is caused by the fact that in nine instances the verb burru appears alone, as in A ?12, where a man is to put to death for
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