EVIDENCES ON EFFECTIVENESS OF NON-PHARMACOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT OF PROCEDURAL PAIN AMONG CHILDREN.

Abstract

Background -Evidence as “the integration of best research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values”. Evidence Based practice in nursing is a process of locating, appraising, and applying the best evidence from the nursing and medical literature to improve the quality of clinical nursing practice. Research ndings, knowledge from basic science, clinical knowledge, and expert opinion are all considered "evidence"; however, practices based on research ndings are more likely to result in the desired patient outcomes across various settings and geographic locations. Method (Searching strategies ) -Online articles and databases like PubMed ,CINHAL ,Medline ,Cochrane , Google Scholar Area of search -Evidences on Effectiveness of Non –pharmacological management of procedural pain among children .Various non –pharmacological Methods of pain management like non-nutritive sucking ,music ,swaddling ,positioning ,olfactory ,multi-sensorial stimulation ,maternal touch ,acupuncture, skin-to-skin contact”, “sucrose”, “massage “and “breastfeeding during nursing procedures like venepuncture ,immunization and other therapeutic procedure on children . Evidence hierarchy: levels of evidence on this area will be Systematic Review, Single RCT ,Single Non-Randomized Trial (quasi –experimental) ,Single prospective /cohort study ,Single case –control study ,Single cross –sectional study ,Single indepth Qualitative study , Expert opinion, case reports, etc. There are various research st Result – udies that shows that pain among children of various age group during procedure can be reduced or managed effectively by use of non-pharmacological methods only. After getting various level of evidence on non –pharmacological management of procedur Conclusion – al pain among children nurses in various setting of children care like NICU, PICU and paediatric ward can use the evidences and technique in providing effective care.