Evidences for Varying Speed of Light with Time

Giuseppe Pipino

doi:10.4236/jhepgc.2019.52022

Abstract

Aims: The paper explores the hypothesis that the speed of light c is decreasing over time at rate (dc/dt)=-H⋅ c, H being the Hubble constant. This hypothesis differs from the so-called tired light, in which the velocity c is supposed to vary during the journey of photons in the empty space for some frictional mechanism. In the hypothesis of the author the speed c, during this journey, is assumed constant. In this way the problems of the tired hypothesis are overcome. Methods: The paper links the variation dc/dt with the Hubble constant and infers a value of dc/dt from the difference between the value of the variation of the Earth-Moon distance measured by the Lunar Laser Ranging Experiment and the tidal effect. Results: Under the hypothesis c time varying, we explain: 1) The cosmological redshift. 2) The anomalous acceleration ap ≈ -8 × 10-10 m⋅sec-2, measured for some spacecrafts. 3) The high redshift of supernovae Ia, which seems to evidence an acceleration of the expansion of the universe. 4) The peripheral motion of stars in galaxies around their rotational centre. 5) The dilation of the light curves observed for supernovae Ia.

Highlights

The most significant observation of modern astronomy is the so-called cosmological redshift
The paper explores the hypothesis that the speed of light c is decreasing over time at rate =−H ⋅ c, H being the Hubble constant
The paper links the variation dc/dt with the Hubble constant and infers a value of dc/dt from the difference between the value of the variation of the Earth-Moon distance measured by the Lunar Laser Ranging Experiment and the tidal effect

Summary

Introduction

The most significant observation of modern astronomy is the so-called cosmological redshift. If we compare the emission spectrum of a hydrogen atom (or other chemical element) detected in a terrestrial laboratory, with that of an atom of the same element belonging to an astronomical source S, at R distance from the Earth, we notice that between the two spectra there is a frequency shift. This shifting is commonly interpreted as a consequence of the movement of the source with respect to the terrestrial observer with velocity v.

Pipino DOI

Relationship between the Secular Elongation of the Day and Lunar Departure

The Dark Matter and the VSLT Theory

Conclusions