Evidence-Based Practice in Criminal Justice Settings

Abstract

The role of substance use and fetal exposure to substances of abuse is reviewed from the viewpoint of what role it may play in current or future criminal behavior. Fetal exposure to Alcohol, Nicotine and Marijuana does have long term consequences in terms of problems with learning, planning and analyzing situations. These effects can lead to impaired school performance and increased impulsivity in the classroom. Having problems in school is a risk factor for later delinquent behavior. There is some association with later criminal behavior in youth with fetal Nicotine exposure. Current use of Alcohol, Cannabis, Cocaine, Methamphetamine, Opiates and high levels of Caffeine is associated with increased criminal and violent behavior. Appropriate screening, assessment of prenatal substance abuse exposure and adolescent substance abuse is recommended in order to minimize delinquent behavior.