Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the toxicity, clinical outcome and anthelmintic effects of M. pudica in vitro and in vivo.Methods: Dried leaves of M. pudica were extracted using 70 % methanol cold maceration method. Acute toxicity inquiry was evaluated using Lorke’s method. Anthelmintic effects were investigated in vitro using the egg hatch assay and in vivo using Heligmosomoides bakeri experimentally infected adult albino mice. Coprological and haematological parameters were recorded during the experiment while the serological analysis and post mortem worm burden were assessed at the conclusion of the research.Results: No mortality was recorded in oral acute toxicity test up to a dose of 5000 mg/kg. A probit-log analysis of the percentage egg hatch of the extract and albendazole gave lethal concentration 50 (LC50) values of 1.160 and -1.042, respectively. A reduction in worm count was observed in all the extracttreated groups post mortem, with the maximum extract group having the least worm count (p < 0.05). Treatment with extract resulted in improvement in the haematological parameters. Serum chemistry revealed no significant differences (p > 0.05) in alanine aminotransferase and blood urea nitrogen in all groups. However, a dose-dependent increases in the total protein and albumin was observed.Conclusion: These results show that although M. pudica has weak anthelmintic effects compared to albendazole (standard anthelmintic), in vivo and in vitro, at the doses used in this study, nonetheless, it reduces worm burden and improves haematologic parameters, serum total protein, albumin and overall weight gain of the treated mice. Thus, increased doses may be effective in anthelmintic chemotherapy.
 Keywords: Mimosa pudica, Anthelmintic, Toxicity, Heligmosomoides bakeri, Ethnoveterinary medicine, Anthelmintic
Highlights
Among the various means employed in the control of parasitic infections such as grazing and pasture management, use of vaccines, chemotherapy and biological control chemotherapy remains the most readily available, widely used and effective means of control [1]
Fresh leaves of M. pudica were gathered from the environs of the University of Nigeria, Nsukka and presented for identification at the Bioresource Development and Conservation Program Centre Nsukka, Nigeria followed by the deposition of a voucher specimen (UNVPP/2014/4722/49) at the herbarium of the Department of Botany, University of Nigeria, Nsukka
After the infection established in the mice that were orally administered the parasites, groups A – C served as MLEMP treated groups and received doses of 2,000 mg/kg, 1,000 mg/kg and 500 mg respectively
Summary
Among the various means employed in the control of parasitic infections such as grazing and pasture management, use of vaccines, chemotherapy and biological control chemotherapy remains the most readily available, widely used and effective means of control [1]. This has led to the overburdening of anthelmintics and has precipitated the. Parasitic gastroenteritis has resulted in massive economic losses in Nigeria and worldwide [3] and has become a great threat to livestock production These losses result from the consequent morbidity, mortality, cost of treatment and control. The extract (subsequently referred to as methanol leaf extract of M. pudica, MLEMP) was reserved in a refrigerator (4 oC) and the percentage yield w/w calculated using Eq 1
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