Evidence that cocaine slows cardiac conduction by an action on both AV nodal and His-Purkinje tissue in the dog

Abstract

The effects of intravenous cocaine (2 mg/kg) were tested on several indices of cardiac electrical activity in sedated dogs. These included sinus rate, PR, AH, and HV intervals; AV nodal effective refractory period (AVNERP); ventricular effective refractory period; QRS duration; and the QT interval. Cocaine induced significant changes in six control animals with an intact-functioning autonomic nervous systems. After pharmacologic autonomic blockade with propranolol plus propantheline, cocaine increased the PR interval (+11 ± 4.0 ms, p < 0.05), primarily by slowing conduction at the AV nodal level. However, with constant atrial pacing at a rate above the sinus cycle length, prolongation of both the AH and the HV intervals (+15 ± 2.5 and + 6.7 ± 1.7 ms, respectively) occurred. There was also a significant increase in the AVNERP (+ 29 ± 5.9 ms, p < 0.05). Consistent with the observed rate-dependent HV prolongation, cocaine decreased the rate of rise of phase 0 of the transmembrane action potential of Purkinje fibers. These data indicate that cocaine impairs cardiac conduction by direct actions on AV nodal and His-Purkinje cells.