Evidence on prevention of skin lesions in newborns: integrative review

Simone Vidal Santos ,Flávia Regina Souza Ramos,Roberta Costa,Luís Manuel Cunha Batalha

doi:10.30886/estima.v17.787_in

Abstract

Objective: To identify strategies for the prevention of skin lesions in hospitalized newborns (NBs), published in scientific journals from 2013 to 2018. Method: Integrative literature review performed in two moments of database search, selecting 37 studies published between 2013 and 2018. Results: Thermoregulation, use of antiseptic, use of emollients and cleaning of the umbilical stump were the most commonly found recommendations. Among the evidence-based practices, we highlight those that prevent the risk of hypothermia, such as the use of a polyethylene bag and skin-to-skin contact, which support the assistance and ensure safety in the care of the neonatal patient. Conclusion: The prevention of skin lesions is a relevant topic. However, there is a scarcity of robust evidence to safely sustain NB care practices. It is also observed that the evidence is insufficient to encompass the universe of the theme, demonstrating that skin care is a theme that requires investment and more research.

Highlights

Professionals who work in a neonatal unit (NU) face challenges in the exercise of their profession
One of the concerns of this team is related to skin care, because one of the main functions of this organ is to function as a protective barrier, contributing to thermoregulation, reducing the transepidermal water loss (TEWL), preventing the absorption of chemical agents and protecting against the invasion of microorganisms
This study identified different strategies to support health professionals, especially the nursing staff, in the care of the NB’s skin

Summary

Introduction

Professionals who work in a neonatal unit (NU) face challenges in the exercise of their profession. The nursing staff, plays a key role in the care of the newborn (NB). One of the concerns of this team is related to skin care, because one of the main functions of this organ is to function as a protective barrier, contributing to thermoregulation, reducing the transepidermal water loss (TEWL), preventing the absorption of chemical agents and protecting against the invasion of microorganisms. The NB’s skin is thin, fragile, sensitive and presents a deficient epidermal barrier, particularities that, combined with the need for handling, the performance of different procedures, use of drugs and devices to maintain life, expose the neonate to the risk of injuries and infections[1,2]. The most common injuries are caused by pressure, friction, shear, adhesive removal, incontinence, chemical irritants, drug leakage and burns[3]

Methods

Results

Conclusion