Evidence of weak antilocalization in epitaxial TiN thin films

Abstract

Defect engineering provides a tremendous opportunity to impart novel functionalities to nanomaterials. This report is focused on TiN metallic system, where the unpaired spin structure and electron-transport are controlled by injecting nitrogen vacancies (VN). The TiN films are epitaxial, with the TiN/Al2O3 epitaxial relationship given by: (1 1 1) TiN//(0 0 0 1) Al2O3 as out-of-plane, and 〈11-0〉 TiN//〈1 0 1- 0〉 Al2O3 and 〈1 1 2-〉 TiN//〈1 1 2-0〉 Al2O3 as in-plane, after 30° rotation. Epitaxy in such a large misfit system (~9.24%) is rationalized to arise via domain matching epitaxy (DME) paradigm. Following the report of room-temperature ferromagnetism [1] in TiN1−x films formed by injecting nitrogen vacancies, we provide direct experimental evidence of weak antilocalization (WAL) effects by plugging VN using nitrogen annealing of TiN films. This evidence with simultaneous loss of magnetization in nitrogen annealed TiN films is the tell-tale sign of VN acting as magnetically active defects in TiN, as their removal facilitates Berry’s phase formation and generation of time-reversal symmetry. Through detailed EELS and Raman analysis, we have explicitly shown the absence of Ti+2 polarons in TiN films on N2 annealing. The resistivity minima in TiN films are attributed to the WAL effect with persistent log T behavior under 0–7 Tesla magnetic fields. The temperature-dependent coherence length analysis also highlights the emergence of WAL under the two-dimensional localization theory. The WAL effect in TiN is similar to topological insulators, quenching on the introduction of magnetically active defects, while stable against non-magnetic defects. Our findings demonstrate the prime importance of nitrogen vacancies in tuning the magentotransport characteristics in epitaxial nitride films for optoelectronic device applications.