EVIDENCE OF ANTIBODIES AGAINST DIFFERENT Leptospira spp. SEROGROUPS AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH ITS PRESENCE IN SHEEP FROM VERACRUZ, MEXICO

Abstract

<p class="Default"><strong>Background</strong>. Leptospirosis is a bacterial zoonosis caused by pathogenic species of the genus <em>Leptospira</em> that affects mainly reproductive performance in sheep. <strong>Objective</strong>. To identify the seroprevalence of <em>Leptospira </em>spp., associated serogroups, and possible risk factors in the state of Veracruz, Mexico. <strong>Methodology</strong>. Blood samples were collected from 405 sheep in 55 farms located in 13 municipalities distributed along three ovine-producing regions in the state. Serological diagnosis was made by Microscopic Agglutination Technique (MAT). The prevalence and its confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using Vassarstats software, the Odds Ratio (OR) values were estimated with WinEpiscope. <strong>Results.</strong> An overall seroprevalence of 53.83% (<sub>95%</sub>CI:48.84-58.75), per municipality of 100% (<sub>95%</sub>CI :71.66-100) and per flock of 92.73% (<sub>95%</sub>CI: 81.58-97.65) were noted. The highest prevalence by region was 58.82% (<sub>95%</sub>CI<sub>:%</sub>:50.57-66.62) for Los Tuxtlas (p= 0.218) and per municipality 86.36% (<sub>95%</sub>CI:71.95-94.33) for Ángel R. Cabada. The predominant serogroup was Hardjo (45.93%; <sub>95%</sub>CI:41.02-50.92). By age, the highest values were 55.93% (<sub>95%</sub>CI:48.29-63.31) in the group of 19-36 months. The main recognized risk factors were region and municipality. Los Tuxtlas Region (OR =1.92; <sub>95%</sub>CI:1.08-3.43) and the municipalities of Ángel R. Cabada (OR=15.5; <sub>95%</sub>CI:5.1-47.2), Ayahualulco (OR=10.1; <sub>95%</sub>CI :3.6-28.7), and Coatzintla (OR=6.1; <sub>95%</sub>CI: 30.3 – 95.0).<strong> Implications. </strong>This study explores the presence of antibodies against <em>Leptospira</em> spp. in sheep, its associated serogroups and risk factors in the state of Veracruz, Mexico. This is this first report on the presence and relevance of this infection in sheep of this region. The role of sheep as a maintenance host for <em>Leptospira</em> spp. in endemic areas is stressed. <strong>Conclusions. </strong>The study concludes that <em>Leptospira</em> spp. in sheep has an overall seroprevalence of 53.83% in the state of Veracruz, Mexico and several serogroups present.</p>