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Abstract
It is recognized that different fasciae have different type of innervation, but actually nothing is known about the specific innervation of the two types of deep fascia, aponeurotic and epymisial fascia. In this work the aponeurotic thoracolumbar fascia and the epymisial gluteal fascia of seven adult C57-BL mice were analysed by Transmission Electron Microscopy and floating immunohistochemistry with the aim to study the organization of nerve fibers, the presence of nerve corpuscles and the amount of autonomic innervation. The antibodies used were Anti-S100, Anti-Tyrosine Hydroxylase and Anti-PGP, specific for the Schwann cells forming myelin, the sympathetic nerve fibers, and the peripheral nerve fibers, respectively. The results showed that the fascial tissue is pervaded by a rhomboid and dense network of nerves. The innervation was statistically significantly lower in the gluteal fascia (2.78 ± 0.6% of positive area, 140.3 ± 31.6/mm2 branching points, nerves with 3.2 ± 0.6 mm length and 4.9 ± 0.2 µm thickness) with respect to the thoracolumbar fascia (9.01 ± 0.98% of innervated area, 500.9 ± 43.1 branching points/mm2, length of 87.1 ± 1.0 mm, thickness of 5.8 ± 0.2 µm). Both fasciae revealed the same density of autonomic nerve fibers (0.08%). Lastly, corpuscles were not found in thoracolumbar fascia. Based on these results, it is suggested that the two fasciae have different roles in proprioception and pain perception: the free nerve endings inside thoracolumbar fascia may function as proprioceptors, regulating the tensions coming from associated muscles and having a role in nonspecific low back pain, whereas the epymisial fasciae works to coordinate the actions of the various motor units of the underlying muscle.
Highlights
It is recognized that different fasciae have different type of innervation, but nothing is known about the specific innervation of the two types of deep fascia, aponeurotic and epymisial fascia
It is demonstrated that the different fasciae have different type of innervation: the visceral fascia is rich in autonomic innervation[4], the superficial fascia shares with the skin mechano- and thermic-receptors, and the deep fascia has a role in p roprioception[5]
The analysis of density innervation per area or per side of thoracolumbar fascia (TLF) and gluteal fascia didn’t highlight any significant difference comparing random areas stained with the same antibody: all the areas of TLF, from thoraco to sacral region, exhibited the same distribution of innervation and the same density; on the other side the gluteal fascia didn’t show any difference according to the mapped region
Summary
It is recognized that different fasciae have different type of innervation, but nothing is known about the specific innervation of the two types of deep fascia, aponeurotic and epymisial fascia. In this work the aponeurotic thoracolumbar fascia and the epymisial gluteal fascia of seven adult C57-BL mice were analysed by Transmission Electron Microscopy and floating immunohistochemistry with the aim to study the organization of nerve fibers, the presence of nerve corpuscles and the amount of autonomic innervation. First of all this work aims to demonstrate that the fasciae are richly innervated tissues, it allows to evidence for the first time differences in the density of innervation and the presence of corpuscles according to the type of fascia, aponeurotic or epymisial, and the role it plays in proprioception or in coordination of the actions of the motor units
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