Abstract
Xanthan gum is prone to thermal oxidative degradation, which limits its applications. However, conformational changes in xanthan gum and appropriate stabilizers may improve its thermal stability. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to establish a strategy to maintain the viscosity of xanthan gum during long-term storage at high temperatures. We modified the original strain used for xanthan gum production by genetic engineering and added stabilizers during the production process. The structure and thermal stability of the resulting xanthan gum samples were then determined. Pyruvyl deficiency, combined with the addition of sodium sulfite and glyoxal during the production process, was found to significantly improve the maintenance of viscosity. The apparent viscosity of the new xanthan gum solution remained above 100 mPa·s after being stored at 90 °C for 48 days. Fourier-transform infrared spectra and scanning electron microscopy images showed that pyruvate-free xanthan gum with added stabilizers had more extensive cross-linking than natural xanthan gum. In conclusion, these findings may contribute to the use of xanthan gum in applications that require high temperatures for a long period of time.
Highlights
Xanthan gum is an acidic polysaccharide produced by Xanthomonas campestris
The theoretical maximum content of acetyl groups in xanthan gum was 12.52% if both acetylation sites are full of acetyl groups [25]
Maintaining ing the viscosity of xanthan gum at high temperatures is of great importance for its applithe viscosity of xanthan gum at high temperatures is of great importance for its applications cations in the petroleum industry
Summary
Xanthan gum is an acidic polysaccharide produced by Xanthomonas campestris. The main chain of xanthan gum comprises two D-glucose molecules connected by a β-1,4-glucosidic bond. Every second glucose residue on the main chain is connected to a trisaccharide side chain composed of an internal D-mannose, a D-glucuronic acid, and an external. An aqueous solution of xanthan gum has a variety of unique properties, such as a high salt concentration tolerance, high viscosity (at low concentrations), and good stability under high mechanical shear stress [3,4]. Due to these properties, xanthan gum has many applications, such as in the petroleum, food, and cosmetics industries [5,6].
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