Abstract
Background and objectivesBehavior-genetic analyses have shown that measurements of inattention and hyperactivity–impulsivity are genetically-influenced. In view of limited studies on ADHD (Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) in Spanish samples, this study aims to explore the genetic architecture of ADHD symptoms; inattention and hyperactivity–impulsivity in a Spanish twin schoolchildren sample. MethodsParticipants were 258 pairs of adolescent Spanish twins. Symptoms of ADHD, inattention and hyperactivity–impulsivity were assessed by means of a sub-scale of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Univariate twin models, according to sex, were run to assess the heritability of ADHD symptoms. ResultsHeritability of hyperactivity was 55% in girls, 57% in boys. Inattention showed a heritability of 26% in girls, and no genetic factors influence was found in boys. Environmental factors are prominent influences among these traits. ConclusionOur results highlight the magnitude of environmental effects among ADHD symptoms and therefore the importance of preventive programs that may modify the expression of these traits.
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