Abstract
BackgroundAccumulating evidence has revealed that peripheral immunity is involved in Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, the results regarding the percentage of T-cell subsets are inconsistent, and the changes of immunoglobins levels have been seldom studied in PD patients.MethodsSerum levels of the percentage of T-cell subsets and immunoglobulins were measured in 761 PD patients and 761 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. The correlations between the variables of peripheral immune activation (PIA) and the clinical characteristics of PD were analyzed using correlation analysis.ResultsThe pooled results showed that PD patients had higher proportional levels of CD3+ T and CD4+ T lymphocytes than healthy controls. CD8+ T cell percentages were similar in PD patients and controls, and the CD4/CD8 ratio was significantly higher in the PD population. No significant differences in IgG, IgA, or IgM levels between these two groups were found. CD4+ T cell percentage was inversely correlated with the H&Y stage, and IgG level was positively correlated with disease duration and UPDRS part III. Subgroup analyses showed that these associations existed in female patients, but not in male patients.ConclusionThe enhanced immune activation in the peripheral system is indicated in PD, and dynamic alterations in CD4+ T cell percentage and IgG level suggest an active role for peripheral immunity in the disease progression, especially in female PD patients.
Highlights
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, and the role of adaptive immune system and humoral immunity needs to be clarified in PD; profiling of peripheral T cells and immunoglobulin may be able to provide insight into biologic markers of disease
Analysis of the T cell subset showed that PD patients had significantly higher proportional levels of CD3+ T and CD4+ T lymphocytes than healthy controls
We further examined the correlations between T cell subset and clinical data, including disease duration, Unified PD Rating Scale (UPDRS) part III, Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) stage, Non-Motor Symptom Scale (NMSS), L-DOPA equivalent daily doses (LEDD), TABLE 2 | Comparison of peripheral immune variables according to gender of PD patients and matched controls
Summary
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, and the role of adaptive immune system and humoral immunity needs to be clarified in PD; profiling of peripheral T cells and immunoglobulin may be able to provide insight into biologic markers of disease. A Meta-analysis included 21 case-control studies, and the sample size of these studies varied from 20 to 82 Among these studies 16 were from the Asian population, and five were from the Caucasian population; a significant heterogeneity was observed in the analysis of T lymphocytes, and one reason of heterogeneity may be ascribed to ethnic variations (Jiang et al, 2017). The present study will focus on the changes in the percentage of T-cell subsets in PD patients relative to age/gendermatched healthy controls, trying to shed some light on whether adaptive immune responses are altered in PD. The results regarding the percentage of T-cell subsets are inconsistent, and the changes of immunoglobins levels have been seldom studied in PD patients
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