Evidence for oxidative stress at elevated plasma thiol levels in chronic exposure to carbon disulfide (CS 2) and coronary heart disease

Abstract

Objectives Oxidative stress in plasma may be promoted by plasma thiols such as homocysteine. However, other thiols such as glutathione may also exert antioxidant effects in vitro and in vivo. To further investigate whether plasma thiols act as prooxidants or antioxidants, we compared plasma oxidative status in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and in subjects occupationally exposed to carbon disulfide (CS 2). Methods Fifty-five subjects chronically exposed to CS 2, 53 CHD patients, and 52 healthy controls were examined. To assess plasma oxidative status, concentrations of thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS) and total antioxidative capacity (TAC), as well as ferritin and ceruloplasmin were determined. Antioxidative reserve was assessed by the determination of vitamine E, uric acid, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathion peroxidase. In addition, protein and non-protein plasma thiol levels were measured. Results Patients in both groups had increased levels of plasma thiols as compared to controls: CS 2-exposed subjects presented with increased levels of thiols associated with plasma proteins, whereas CHD patients presented with elevated total homocysteine and cysteine levels. TBARS were significantly increased and TAC was significantly decreased both in CS 2-exposed subjects and in CHD patients. In addition decreased activity of glutathione peroxidase, an antioxidative enzyme inhibited by thiol-containing compounds, was noted in both groups. Conclusion These results demonstrate that regardless of their metabolic origin increased thiols are associated with increased oxidative stress in plasma.