Abstract
Exosomes are associated with cancer progression, pregnancy, cardiovascular diseases, central nervous system-related diseases, immune responses and viral pathogenicity. However, study on the role of exosomes in the immune response of teleost fish, especially antiviral immunity, is limited. Herein, serum-derived exosomes from mandarin fish were used to investigate the antiviral effect on the exosomes of teleost fish. Exosomes isolated from mandarin fish serum by ultra-centrifugation were internalized by mandarin fish fry cells and were able to inhibit Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) infection. To further investigate the underlying mechanisms of exosomes in inhibiting ISKNV infection, the protein composition of serum-derived exosomes was analyzed by mass spectrometry. It was found that myxovirus resistance 1 (Mx1) was incorporated by exosomes. Furthermore, the mandarin fish Mx1 protein was proven to be transferred into the recipient cells though exosomes. Our results showed that the serum-derived exosomes from mandarin fish could inhibit ISKNV replication, which suggested an underlying mechanism of the exosome antivirus in that it incorporates Mx1 protein and delivery into recipient cells. This study provided evidence for the important antiviral role of exosomes in the immune system of teleost fish.
Highlights
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles of endosomal origin and vary in size, ranging from ~40 to 160 nm in diameter [1]
Mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) is an economically important species that is widely distributed in China; its industry is threatened by different aquatic viruses, especially the Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) [11]
These results indicated that serum-derived exosomes from mandarin fish could internalize into recipient cells
Summary
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles of endosomal origin and vary in size, ranging from ~40 to 160 nm in diameter [1]. Metabolites, and nucleic acids delivered by exosomes into recipient cells effectively alter their biological response [4,5]. Exosomes are involved in multiple biological and pathological processes, such as reproduction and development, cancer progression, cardiovascular diseases, and immune responses, especially in virus infections [6]. Study on the role of exosomes in the immune response of teleost fish, especially antiviral immunity, is limited. Mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) is an economically important species that is widely distributed in China; its industry is threatened by different aquatic viruses, especially the Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) [11]. This work provides evidence for the important antiviral role of exosomes in teleost fish
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