Abstract
The face is one of the most common areas of traumatic injury, making up approximately 25% of all injuries in 2016. Assault, motor vehicle collision (MVC), fall, sports, occupational, and gunshot wounds (GSW) are all common causes of facial fractures, with MVC and GSW leading to significantly higher severity of injuries. Most facial fractures occur in the upper two-thirds of the face. Most facial fractures require timely assessment, diagnosis, and treatment for optimal restoration of facial structures and functions. Without proper initial management, significant complications including immediate complications such as airway compromise, massive bleeding, infection, intracranial hemorrhages, or even death, and long-term complications such as poor functional outcomes and aesthetic setbacks can occur. The goal of this review is to summarize the management of fractures of the upper face, orbit, and midface and provide an update about complications and their management.
Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
