Abstract

Thank you for focusing this year on environmental factors in cancer, a key arena for efforts to significantly change the cancer burden in this country through primary prevention of disease. I am pleased to have the opportunity to contribute to this dialogue. My remarks are grounded in my research about environmental factors and breast cancer and have particular relevance for other hormonal cancers as well—for example, prostate, testicular, ovarian, and endometrial cancers. I begin with a thought experiment about the process of discovery in cancer etiology. This perspective underlies my recommendations for fundamental change in the evidence we use to find and attack the environmental causes of a disease like breast cancer. Then I will address what we know now about three biological mechanisms that may link environmental pollutants and breast cancer and about human exposures to suspect chemicals. Finally, I discuss the critical next steps to act on and expand our knowledge.

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