Everybody Copes: An Interprofessional Workshop on Stress, Coping, and Helping Primary Care Patients Manage Medical Stressors.

Law program is not far behind the dilemma of choice and reality since the course creates stress which needs appraisal and coping. This study described the process of appraisal and the mediation of academic efficacy to coping ways. A total of 100 Law students in their mid-year participated in this quantitative, descriptive, correlational study that surveyed coping strategies, academic efficacy and stress appraisal. Correlational and regression analyses confirmed the direct and total positive effects of stress appraisal not on avoidance-focused but on problem-focused and emotion-focused coping. Academic efficacy mediates the relationship between stress appraisal and problem-focused coping (? = .30, t(97) = 3.80, SE = .08, p = .0003) and emotion-focused coping (? = .37, t(97) = 4.98, SE = .08, p = .00). The hypotheses that stress appraisal and academic efficacy were predictors of coping strategies and that academic efficacy mediated the relationship were validated. Implications for educational practice were forwarded.

Objective. This study aimed to determine the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on university students, categorically focusing on effective coping strategies adopted. Methods. The researcher used a descriptive cross-sectional design and a pseudo-random number sampling method with an inversion technique to randomly select 548 health science students who participated fully out of the sum of 4,140 students from each department. The initial goal was to include 572 students in the sample. This ensured a fair representation of students from the University of Nigeria, Nsukka (UNN). The researcher evaluated these students using the COVID-19 Student Stress Questionnaire and Brief-Cope Scales. Results. Findings showed that 58.8% of the respondents were females, 34.7% were enrolled in the nursing program, and 59.7% chose to live with their parents. Most of the students experienced moderate stress, with 45.25% and 5.47% experiencing extremely stressful or distressing situations, in terms of relationships and academic life, respectively. There were no significant differences in fear of contagion, regardless of the students' gender. and social isolation between students who lived with and without their parents. In terms of relationships and academic life among the students, there was no significant difference in relation to the demographic characteristics. Results also showed that 26.6% of the students used problem-focused coping “a little bit," and there was no significant difference as to their developmental characteristics for those using problem-focused coping, emotion-focused coping, or avoidant coping. However, the results indicated a greater tendency towards avoidant coping strategies, with no significant differences observed. Students disproportionately adopted problem-focused, emotion-focused, and avoidant coping strategies. Students reported a weakly significant positive correlation between emotionfocused coping and problem-focused coping, and a large negative association between fear of contagion and problem-focused coping strategies. They also reported a slightly positive correlation between relationships, academic life, and social isolation. Conclusion. The study revealed that most students experience moderate stress, which gradually escalates into extremely stressful situations, particularly in relationships and academics. The researcher found no significant differences in fear of contagion or social isolation. However, avoidant coping was more prevalent compared to problem-focused and emotion-focused strategies. There were weak positive correlations between emotion-focused and problem-focused coping. Policy reform in the health and academic systems will strategically improve students' mental health.

AimsThe aims of our study were to assess and to examine i. the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical residents working on the front and second line, ii. the association between coping strategies, resilience and optimism and different mental health outcomes like stress, anxiety, and depression among the medical residents’ workers during the COVID-19 pandemic, and iii. the coping strategies used on the same sample with consideration of different factors like seniority, frontliner, gender and coping style.MethodAn electronic survey was sent to all medical residents in Qatar. Depression, anxiety and stress were assessed by the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale – 21 Items. Professional quality of life was measured by the Professional Quality of Life measure. The coping mechanisms were assessed with the Brief-COPE, resilience by the Brief Resilience Scale, and optimism by the Revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R).ResultOf the 640 medical residents contacted, 127 (20%) responded. A considerable proportion of residents reported symptoms of depression (42.5%), anxiety (41.7%) and stress (30.7%). Multivariate analysis of variance showed significant effects of seniority in residency, with junior residents having poorer outcomes. In addition, there was a statistically significant interaction effect with moderate effect sizes between gender and working on the front line, as well as gender, working on the front line and seniority, on mental health outcomes. The most commonly used coping strategies were acceptance, religion, and active coping. The least reported coping strategies were substance use and denial. Avoidant coping style scores were higher among junior residents (p = .032) and non-COVID-19 frontliners (p = .039). Optimism LOT-R score was higher in senior than in junior residents (p < .001). Another important finding is that optimism and resilience were associated with better mental health outcomes. In addition, we find that avoidant coping style is highly associated with depression.ConclusionThe COVID-19 pandemic may have a negative impact on junior residents’ mental health. Preventive measures to reduce stress levels and easy access to professional mental health services are crucial. This study also raises awareness among residency programs on the psychological and coping responses and strategies of medical residents.

BackgroundAdopting effective and adaptable coping strategies can help reduce the distress associated with the caregiving burden. Studies assessing coping strategies among caregivers of older adults in the Arab world remain limited. This study aims to assess the coping strategies employed by caregivers of older adults in Lebanon, investigate factors associated with these coping mechanisms, and examine whether social support mediates the relationship between psychological distress and coping amid Lebanon’s ongoing economic crisis.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 544 caregivers of community-dwelling older adults participated. Data were collected online via Google Forms and included several instruments: a socio-demographic questionnaire, the Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory Scale, the Katz Index of Activities of Daily Living, the Autonomy in Daily Functioning-Contemporary Scale, the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Generalized linear models were used to identify factors associated with different coping strategies.ResultsCaregivers primarily relied on problem-focused coping strategies to manage stress, with an average score of 5.73 (standard deviation [SD] = 1.22). Among the various coping methods, religious coping was the most frequently used, with a mean score of 6.82 (SD = 1.50), while substance use was the least commonly adopted, scoring an average of 2.57 (SD = 1.24). Higher household income was significantly associated with greater use of problem-focused coping (B = 0.352; p-value = 0.003). Additionally, higher educational attainment was linked to increased use of problem-focused (B = 0.240; p-value = 0.044) and emotion-focused coping strategies (B = 0.284; p-value = 0.024). Psychological distress was inversely related to emotion-focused and problem-focused coping but showed a positive correlation with avoidance coping. Social support was positively correlated with both emotion-focused coping (B = 0.881; p-value < 0.001) and problem-focused coping (B = 1.005; p-value < 0.001) and partially mediated the association between coping methods and psychological distress.ConclusionLebanese caregivers primarily rely on adaptive coping strategies to manage ongoing difficulties and rarely resort to maladaptive approaches. The findings emphasize the need for caregiver support initiatives that are culturally relevant and psychologically supportive, acknowledging the significant influence of socioeconomic status, psychological distress, and social support on coping behaviors.

Cognitive appraisals and coping were examined in children, adolescents, and young adults (N = 134) faced with the diagnosis of cancer in a parent. All 3 age groups perceived low personal control and high external control over their parent's illness and used relatively little problem-focused coping. Adolescents and young adults reported more emotion-focused coping and dual-focused coping (both problem- and emotion-focused in intent) than did preadolescent children. Stage and prognosis of parent's cancer were related to appraisals of greater seriousness and stressfulness, and to more avoidance; however, only appraisals of stress were related to symptoms of anxiety-depression. Emotion-focused coping was related to greater avoidance and to higher symptoms of anxiety-depression; coping and control beliefs did not interact in their association with anxiety-depression symptoms.

To systematically review previous studies on the variables associated with coping strategies in people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and motor neuron disease (ALS/MND), such as demographics, clinical features and patient-reported outcomes. Coping strategies are important factors for adjustment and quality of life (QOL) in patients with long-term conditions, and this topic in people with ALS/MND has not yet been the subject of a systematic review. A systematic review was performed based on the PRISMA checklist. Electronic databases, including CINAHL, MEDLINE and EMBASE, were systemically searched from their inception to December 2019 for articles meeting the following inclusion criteria: (1) written in English, (2) published in peer-reviewed journals, (3) included subjects with ALS/MND and (4) used quantitative measurements of coping strategies in people with ALS/MND. Twenty-one articles were included. Significant relationships between participants' demographics (age and sex) and any coping strategy aspect were shown in six studies. Eight studies found significant relationships between clinical characteristics (disease duration and physical functional status) and coping strategies, and ten studies reported coping strategies that were associated with patients' QOL and mental health outcomes. Younger people used relatively more problem-focused, emotion-focused and social support coping strategies, and women used relatively more social support coping strategies. Problem-focused coping was generally related to better QOL and mental health, and emotion-focused coping was generally related to less depression. As the pattern of coping strategies is related to demographic and clinical characteristics, this study could be used to inform the provision of patient-centred nursing in clinical care. Coping patterns are related to mental health and QOL; thus, in clinical care, it is recommended that people with ALS be encouraged to develop skills that enable them to cope more effectively and that their coping strategies be assessed.

The tides of change: Are we ready for interprofessional collaboration?

Longitudinal analysis of stressors, stress, coping and coping effectiveness in elite esports athletes

Based on the coping theory and coping model of user adaptation, this research explores the impact of users’ ChatGPT technostress on cognitive appraisal, coping process, and behaviour. A survey using Amazon’s Mechanical Turk was developed to collect data on 10 occupations that may be replaced by ChatGPT in the U.S., with a total of 277 actual ChatGPT users. This study employs the software SmartPLS4.2 to evaluate the measurement model and the structural model. The results show that concerns over coolness and posthuman capabilities significantly affect users’ challenge appraisal of ChatGPT, whereas privacy, ethics, and security concerns significantly impact users’ threat appraisal of ChatGPT. Challenge and threat appraisals have a significantly positive impact on users’ problem-focused coping and emotion-focused coping, which themselves significantly predict users’ continuous use of ChatGPT. Mindfulness negatively moderates the influence on emotion-focused coping and continued use intention after ChatGPT adoption. The main theoretical contributions of this research include investigating users’ ChatGPT technostress and coping process by professional workers who may be replaced by ChatGPT. The evidence regarding the moderating role of mindfulness presented herein is novel, because the relationship between coping strategies and continued behaviour intention has not been previously examined.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, family members were not allowed to stay with patients hospitalized due to the virus. This restriction can impact the psychological condition of the family, including the coping strategies they use. Coping strategies include Problem Focused Coping, Emotion Focused Coping, and Dysfunctional Coping. This study aims to describe the coping mechanisms of families with members hospitalized due to COVID-19. Research Method This study used a descriptive method with total sampling technique. The sample consisted of 53 respondents. The measurement tool used was the Brief COPE Questionnaire. The research was conducted from June 3 to July 3, 2021. Research Results The results showed that 55% of families with COVID-19 patients hospitalized used Problem Focused Coping strategies. This strategy involves active efforts to manage or change the situation causing stress. Conclusion Families of COVID-19 patients in Cipinang Muara used adaptive coping strategies, especially Problem Focused Coping, while caring for their sick family members. Suggestions Local health services are recommended to continue providing counseling and psychoeducation services to families of COVID-19 patients to support their mental health. Additional Conclusion The coping strategy used by families with members infected with COVID-19 in Cipinang Muara is Problem Focused Coping, which includes efforts to seek information, planning, and careful organization to manage the stressful situation. Keywords: COVID-19, Family Coping, Family Members ABSTRAK Selama pandemi COVID-19, anggota keluarga tidak diperbolehkan menunggu pasien yang dirawat di rumah sakit. Hal ini dapat mempengaruhi kondisi psikologis keluarga, termasuk dalam hal strategi koping yang mereka gunakan. Strategi koping meliputi Problem Focused Coping, Emotion Focused Coping, dan Dysfunctional Coping. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan mekanisme koping keluarga yang memiliki anggota dirawat di rumah sakit. Metode Penelitian Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan teknik sampling total. Jumlah sampel yang diteliti adalah 53 responden. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah Brief COPE Questionnaire. Penelitian dilaksanakan dari 3 Juni hingga 3 Juli 2021. Hasil Penelitian Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 55% keluarga pasien COVID-19 yang dirawat di rumah sakit menggunakan strategi Problem Focused Coping. Strategi ini melibatkan usaha aktif untuk mengatasi atau mengubah situasi yang menyebabkan stres. Kesimpulan Keluarga pasien COVID-19 di Kelurahan Cipinang Muara menggunakan strategi koping yang adaptif, terutama Problem Focused Coping, selama merawat anggota keluarga yang sakit. Saran Pelayanan kesehatan setempat disarankan untuk terus memberikan layanan konseling dan psikoedukasi kepada keluarga pasien COVID-19 untuk mendukung kesehatan mental mereka. Kesimpulan Tambahan Strategi koping yang digunakan oleh keluarga dengan anggota yang terinfeksi COVID-19 di Kelurahan Cipinang Muara adalah Problem Focused Coping, yang mencakup usaha untuk mencari informasi, perencanaan, dan pengaturan yang matang untuk mengatasi situasi stres. Kata Kunci: COVID 19, Koping Keluarga, Anggota Keluarga

Cognitive appraisals and coping were examined in children, adolescents, and young adults (N = 134) faced with the diagnosis of cancer in a parent. All 3 age groups perceived low personal control and high external control over their parent's illness and used relatively little problem-focused coping. Adolescents and young adults reported more emotion-focused coping and dual-focused coping (both problem- and emotion-focused in intent) than did preadolescent children. Stage and prognosis of parent's cancer were related to appraisals of greater seriousness and stressfulness, and to more avoidance; however, only appraisals of stress were related to symptoms of anxiety-depression. Emotion-focused coping was related to greater avoidance and to higher symptoms of anxiety-depression; coping and control beliefs did not interact in their association with anxiety-depression symptoms.

Although the threat and uncertainty of the COVID-19 pandemic has become a significant source of distress, using religion to cope may be associated with more positive health. Given the severity and chronicity of the pandemic, religious individuals may also have relied on a variety of non-religious coping methods. Much of the existing COVID-19 research overlooks the role of religious group membership and beliefs in relation to coping responses and associated mental health, with an additional lack of such research within the Canadian context. Thus, this cross-sectional study investigated relations among religiosity, stressor appraisals, (both religious and non-religious) coping strategies, mental and physical health in a religiously-diverse Canadian community sample (N = 280) during the pandemic’s 2nd wave from March to June 2021. Numerous differences were apparent in appraisal-coping methods and health across five (non)religious groups (i.e., Atheists, Agnostics, “Spiritual but not religious”, Christians, and those considered to be religious “Minorities” in Canada). Religiosity was also associated with better mental health, appraisals of the pandemic as a challenge from which one might learn or grow, and a greater reliance on problem-focused, emotional-engagement, and religious coping. Moreover, both problem-focused and emotional-engagement coping mediated the relations between religiosity and health. Taken together, this research has implications for individual-level coping as well as informing culturally-sensitive public health messages promoting targeted self-care recommendations with integrated religious or spiritual elements during times of threat and uncertainty, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.

A Review of Instruments on Cognitive Appraisal of Stress

Background: Having a child with a learning disability in the family can be a significant source of stress, necessitating the development of effective coping responses, particularly by mothers.Coping skills training provides useful strategies that can support parents during challenging times.The present study aimed to investigate the effect of problem-focused coping strategies training on coping skills and stress reduction in mothers of children with learning disabilities.Methods: This experimental study employed a pretest-posttest-follow-up design with a control group.The sample included 60 mothers of children aged 8-12 years with learning disabilities, selected from a learning disorder center in Mashhad, Iran, and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (30 in each).Both groups completed the pretest, after which the experimental group participated in 10 sessions of problemfocused coping skills training.The control group received no intervention.Posttests were conducted after the sessions, and follow-up assessments were performed two months later.Data collection tools included the Abidin Parenting Stress Index (1995) and the Lazarus and Folkman Coping Strategies Questionnaire (1984).Results: Significant differences were observed between the two groups across the three assessment points (pretest, posttest, and follow-up) in terms of problem-focused coping, emotion-focused coping, and stress levels (p < 0.05).In the intervention group, scores for problem-focused coping (seeking support, responsibility-taking, and problem-solving), emotion-focused coping (distancing, escape-avoidance), and stress significantly improved in both posttest and follow-up stages (p < 0.05).However, the effects of training on positive reappraisal, self-control, and confrontive coping were not sustained at the two-month follow-up (p > 0.05).Conclusion: Problem-focused coping strategies training can positively influence the use of both problemfocused and emotion-focused coping strategies.It is recommended to implement such training programs to support mothers-especially those of children with learning disabilities-in reducing stress and improving effective coping in response to challenges.

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic is an enormous stressor that can impact various dimensions of health, including sleep health. Older adults may be particularly vulnerable. Coping strategies to manage stress can also impact health outcomes by modifying the relationships between perceived stress and health outcomes. This study examined concurrent and longitudinal associations between perceived stress and sleep health, mental health, physical health, and overall perceived health outcomes among older adults. We also examined whether coping strategies moderate these associations.MethodsOlder adults (n = 115; Mage = 68.62, 58.3% female) reported perceived stress (PSS), coping strategies (Brief COPE), global sleep quality (PSQI global sleep quality score and dichotomous good/poor sleep quality), depressive symptoms (CES-D), and perceived mental, physical, and overall health (RAND-12) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.ResultsThe number of individuals with poor sleep quality was greater during the COVID-19 pandemic than before (50% vs. 36.5%). Participants also reported poorer physical health during the COVID-19 pandemic than before. Hierarchical linear regression and hierarchical logistic regression revealed that higher perceived stress was cross-sectionally associated with poorer sleep (e.g., higher total PSQI score and dichotomous sleep quality category). Higher perceived stress was associated with worse depressive symptoms and global mental health concurrently and longitudinally. Coping strategies moderated the relationships between perceived stress and physical health and overall perceived health. For example, higher perceived stress was associated with poorer overall perceived health for those who have lower problem-focused coping—but not for those with higher problem-focused coping—both concurrently and longitudinally.ConclusionPerceived stress influences cross-sectional and longitudinal measures of sleep health and general health among older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Coping strategies can moderate the effects of perceived stress on health outcomes. Older adults may benefit from prevention and intervention strategies targeting stress management and problem-focused coping strategies.Support (if any)This research was supported by the National Institute of Aging (R01AG047139), the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (T32HL007560; T32HL082610), and the National Institute of Mental Health (T32MH019986)