Abstract
While deep learning techniques are becoming increasingly more popular in high-energy and, since recently, neutrino experiments, they are less confidently used in direct dark matter searches based on dual-phase noble gas TPCs optimized for low-energy signals from particle interactions.In the present study, the application of modern deep learning methods for event vertex reconstruction is demonstrated with an example of the 50-tonne liquid argon DarkSide-20k TPC with 8200 photosensors.The developed methods successfully reconstruct event positions within sub-cm precision and apply to any dual-phase argon or xenon TPC of arbitrary size with any sensor shape and array pattern.
Highlights
A strong feature of a time-projection chamber (TPC) particle detector is the possibility to determine all three coordinates of an interaction vertex in the target volume, which are used for position-dependent signal corrections and fiducialization of the target volume for background suppression
We describe the network design, training techniques, and software tools developed to train networks with the purpose of event vertex reconstruction in the DarkSide-20k experiment, with the ultimate objective of developing a complete deep neural network (DNN) based data reconstruction chain that can be adapted to any size, shape, and photosensor placement for dual-phase TPCs
The data for the study have been generated in Monte Carlo simulations with G4DS [13], a GEANT4-based application that includes a detailed model of the DarkSide-20k TPC and relevant optical models for light propagation
Summary
The data for the study have been generated in Monte Carlo simulations with G4DS [13], a GEANT4-based application that includes a detailed model of the DarkSide-20k TPC and relevant optical models for light propagation. The electroluminescence signal (S2) is simulated as isotropically distributed photons with the vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) wavelength of 128 nm originating in a thin layer of gas argon at the top of an octagonal TPC with the planar dimensions from one edge of the TPC to the other of ∼3.5 m. This light is propagated in the detector volume and is eventually wavelengthshifted to 420 nm in a Tetraphenyl Butadiene (TPB) layer covering the transparent acrylic anode, and is subsequently detected by an array of 4100 silicon photodetection modules of ∼ 5 × 5 cm (figure 1). Three different algorithms have been developed and are described
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