Abstract
To investigate the neural correlates of artificial grammar learning, we recorded the electroencephalogram while experimental participants listened to phonological sequences. We compared event-related potential responses to expectancy violations in two participant conditions; training and a no-training control group. During the test phase, participants in both types of training heard ill-formed sequences. This allowed us to explore the relationship among expectancy violations because of three aspects of a stimulus: physical characteristics, the mental representation of the vocabulary of an artificial grammar, and learned patterns of sequential regularities. Unexpected phonological elements in the test sequences elicited N2b/Pb components. Difference waveforms demonstrated that training had a significant effect on the event-related potential response to deviant items.
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