Abstract
We compute the electromagnetic fields generated in heavy-ion collisions by using the HIJING model. Although after averaging over many events only the magnetic field perpendicular to the reaction plane is sizable, we find very strong magnetic and electric fields both parallel and perpendicular to the reaction plane on the event-by-event basis. We study the time evolution and the spatial distribution of these fields. Especially, the electromagnetic response of the quark-gluon plasma can give non-trivial evolution of the electromagnetic fields. The implications of the strong electromagnetic fields on the hadronic observables are also discussed.
Highlights
Relativistic heavy-ion collisions provide us the methods to create and explore strongly interacting matter at high energy densities where the deconfined quark-gluon plasma (QGP) is expected to form
The properties of matter governed by quantum chromodynamics (QCD) have been studied at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) and at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at
Measurements performed at RHIC in Au + Au collisions at center-of-mass energy s = 200 GeV
Summary
Relativistic heavy-ion collisions provide us the methods to create and explore strongly interacting matter at high energy densities where the deconfined quark-gluon plasma (QGP) is expected to form. The properties of matter governed by quantum chromodynamics (QCD) have been studied at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) and at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at. √ per nucleon pair and at LHC in Pb + Pb collisions at center-of-mass energy s = 2.76 TeV per nucleon pair have revealed several unusual properties of this hot, dense, matter (e.g., its very low shear viscosity [1, 2], and its high opacity for energetic jets [3,4,5,6]). Heavy-ion collisions provide a unique terrestrial environment to study QCD in strong magnetic fields. It has been shown that a Besides the chiral magnetic effect, there can be other effects caused by the strong magnetic fields including the catalysis of chiral symmetry breaking [21], the possible splitting of chiral and deconfinement phase transitions [22], the spontaneous electromagnetic superconductivity of QCD vacuum [23, 24], the possible enhancement of elliptic flow of charged particles [25, 26], the energy loss due to the synchrotron radiation of quarks [27], the emergence of anisotropic viscosities [26, 28, 29], the induction of the electric quadrupole moment of the QGP [30], etc
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