Abstract
To develop high-performance de- or anti-frosting/icing devices based on transparent heaters, it is necessary to study the evaporation-rate control of droplets on heater surfaces. However, almost no research has been done on the evaporation-rate control of liquid droplets on transparent heaters. In this study, we investigate the evaporation characteristics of water droplets on transparent heater surfaces and determine that they depend upon the surface wettability, by modifying which, the complete evaporation time can be controlled. In addition, we study the defrosting and deicing performances through the surface wettability, by placing the flexible transparent heater on a webcam. The obtained results can be used as fundamental data for the transparent defrosting and deicing systems of closed-circuit television (CCTV) camera lenses, smart windows, vehicle backup cameras, aircraft windows, and sensor applications.
Highlights
Of late, high-performance transparent heaters have attracted considerable interest as de- or anti-frosting/icing windows and heating sources for automobiles, airplanes, displays, sensors, biochips, and greenhouses [1,2,3]
Sensors 2019, 19, 4918 of the heater. This indicates that the droplet evaporation time on the surface of the transparent heater can be controlled by the surface wettability, utilizing the temperature difference between the heater surface and ambient air
indium tin oxide (ITO)/Ag/ITO multilayer films fabricated by continuous RTR sputtering were used as flexible transparent heaters
Summary
High-performance transparent heaters have attracted considerable interest as de- or anti-frosting/icing windows and heating sources for automobiles, airplanes, displays, sensors, biochips, and greenhouses [1,2,3]. In this study, we fabricate a high-performance flexible transparent heater, which includes an indium tin oxide (ITO)/Ag/ITO multilayer on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate, using roll-to-roll (RTR) sputtering systems, and investigate the real-time evaporation characteristics of water droplets on the heater surface using surface treatment (hydrophilicity). Sensors 2019, 19, 4918 of the heater This indicates that the droplet evaporation time on the surface of the transparent heater can be controlled by the surface wettability, utilizing the temperature difference between the heater surface and ambient air. These results can be applied fundamental surface and interface analyses data for the manufacture of transparent de-icing/frosting systems for closed-circuit television (CCTV)
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