Evaporation and elevated duct properties over the subtropical eastern pacific ocean region using MAGIC data

Abstract

Electromagnetic wave propagation that behaves differently from that in the standard atmosphere is known as anomalous propagation (AP). Ducting is one type of AP in which the radio and microwaves become trapped within a nearly horizontal layer known as the duct. This energy trapping leads to enhanced propagation range and weak propagation loss of electromagnetic energy within the duct. A corresponding reduction in the electromagnetic signal strength also occurs above or below the duct. Knowledge on ducting is imperative for radar and communication applications such as ship-to-ship and ship-to-shore radio communication and radar based ocean navigations. Ducting also affects the ground-to-satellite radio links and radar based precipitation measurements. Strong vertical gradients in temperature and/or moisture create favorable conditions for ducting.