Evaluations of toxic heavy metals lead and mercury in regular hemodialysis smoker and nonsmoker patients by comparison with other normal population in Egyptian population

Abstract

Around population, worldwide 10% are affected by chronic kidney disease (CKD). Hemodialysis is the common choice of renal replacement therapy. Cigarette smokers has high lead level than non-smoker populalion.as Tobacco leaf grown on polluted soil. Mercury poisoning depend on dose and duration of exposure. Aim of the study is to determine two important toxic heavy metals elements lead and mercury concentrations in pre hemodialysis blood sample of CKD patients on maintenance hemodialysis for more than 6 months divided into non-smoker and smoker with exclusion of cases with occupational exposures by comparison with control group non-CKD, non-smoker persons. Our study is conducted in September 2019 in Al Mokattam insurance hospital in Cairo this study involved 60 persons are divided into 3 groups both sex with no racial exclusion criteria: CKD stage 5 patients on hemodialysis 40 patients divided into 2 groups (smoker) 20 patients and (non-smoker) 20 patients with history of eating fish and seafood are taken by comparison with healthy control group. Lead and mercury are analyzed by electro thermal atomic absorption spectrophotometer in Al Borg central Lab. Our study proves that prolonged duration on hemodialysis not raise lead and mercury level in blood, smoking raises lead level in blood, eating fish and sea food more than once per week lead to increase mercury level in blood, there is relation between raised lead level and anemia in hemodialysis patients.