Evaluation the spectral reflectivity of Baghdad city for different bands using R.S and GIS techniques on December 2021

Abstract

The rapid advancement of remote sensing technology in recent years has made it easier to observe and study the Earth’s surface with greater precision. Satellite remote sensors have poor spatial accuracy and cannot provide accurate details of targets on the Earth’s surface. As a result, spectral accuracy is required to determine target details such as water, vegetation and soil types. Because of the differences in spectral reflectivity, these materials can be distinguished. The amount of randomly incident sunlight scattered on the Earth’s surface at a given wavelength is reflected in spectral reflection with different wavelengths. The amount of light reflected on the Earth’s surface varies, the spectral reflectivity is defined as the ratio of the spectral intensity of the reflected light to the incident light. In this study, 51 locations in downtown Baghdad were chosen for four different types of land cover (water bodies, farms, open areas, and residential areas), and their spectral reflectance was calculated on three different bands (RED, NIR and SWIR) for December 2021. The spectral reflectance was calculated using a mathematical equation using Sentinel 2 satellite images that had been processed and analyzed.