Abstract
Field experiment was conducted during 2018- 2019 in loam soil at the research field of the Department of Biology, College of Science, Baghdad University, Baghdad, Iraq, to study the effect of bio-fertilizers and two levels of chemical fertilization ( 50% and 100%) in some agronomic traits of wheat Triticum aestivum L. cultivar IPA 99 by the genus Azotobacter chroococum and AMF Glomus mosseae singly or in combination under drought condition. The experimental design was a Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD)with three replications. The results revealed that the application of bio-fertilizers reduced the negative impacts of water deficit. However, (Azoto+AMF) were significantly increased the means of plant height, flag leaf area, flag leaf chlorophyll content and the fresh weight of total vegetative ( 86.81 cm, 65.45 cm2, 49.55 SPAD, 37.93 g) respectively compared to the control treatment at 20% water deficit and 50% fertilization. Besides, there was no antagonism between A. chroococcum and Glomus mosseae, which can recommend to use them as bio-fertilizer.
Highlights
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is cerealia that belongs to Poaceae (Gramineae) family, which is organized from subtropical area and it contains 13% protein, 11% glutein and 69 % carbohydrate [1].It has high nutrient content and diverse products made of wheat as staple for a third of population in the world [2]
Biological, physiological and molecular processes in plants resulting in growth inhibition [5].One of pains to solve such drought stress on wheat is through mycorrhizal inoculation
Results of isolation and identification of AM fungi from rhizosphere of root of two plant species showed that the most common AM fungi were Glomus mosseae. the common species found in Iraq soils (Figure-1)
Summary
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is cerealia that belongs to Poaceae (Gramineae) family, which is organized from subtropical area and it contains 13% protein, 11% glutein and 69 % carbohydrate [1].It has high nutrient content and diverse products made of wheat as staple for a third of population in the world [2]. Due rapidly increasing population and changing dietary manner, the demand for wheat by 2050 is expected to increase by 31% over the 683 million tons consumed in 2008 [3] Abiotic stresses, such as drought, soil salinity, and extreme temperatures, adversely affect the output and quality of economically important crops throughout the world. Azotobacter has been found to synthesize plant growth promoting substances like gibberellins, cytokinins, auxin and some antibiotics metabolites [7] It can impact plant growth indirectly by increasing the population of beneficial microorganisms in the rhizosphere, these microorganisms serve as a applicable alternative to nitrogenous fertilizers and involve comparatively lower cost. Diverse workers have reported significant increase in yield in diverse crops through the use of Azotobacter [8]
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