Abstract
The concern of drinking purposed water quality in Bangkok, Nonthaburi, and Samutprakarn provinces has been a problem for over fifteen years. Metropolitan Water Works Authority (MWA) of Thailand is fully responsible for providing water supply to the mentioned areas. The objective of Drinkable Tap Water Project is to make people realize in quality of tap water. Communities, school, government agencies, hotels, hospitals, department stores, and other organizations are participating in this project. MWA have collected at least 3 samples of water from the corresponding places and the samples have to meet the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines level. This study is to evaluate water quality of tap water, storage water, filtered water, and filtered water dispenser. The water samples from 2,354 attending places are collected and analyzed. From October 2011 to September 2016, MWA analyzed 32,711 samples. The analyzed water parameters are free residual chlorine, appearance color, turbidity, pH, conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), and pathogenic bacteria; E.coli. The results indicated that a number of tap water samples had the highest number compliance with WHO guidelines levels at 98.40%. The filtered water, filtered water dispenser, and storage water were received 96.71%, 95.63%, and 90.88%, respectively. However, the several samples fail to pass WHO guideline level because they were contaminated by E.coli. The result is that tap water has the highest score among other sources probably because tap water has chlorine for disinfection and always is monitored by professional team round-the-clock services compared to the other water sources with less maintenance or cleaning. Also, water quality reports are continuously sent to customers by mail addresses. Tap water quality data are shown on MWA websites and Facebook. All these steps of work should enhance the confidence of tap water quality.
Highlights
Metropolitan Waterworks Authority (MWA) is a State Enterprise, which has a major responsibility for tap water production in Bangkok, Nonthaburi, and Samut Prakarn Provinces in Thailand
Tap water is monitored, analyzed, and quality controlled by our scientists round-the-clock. (MWA Annual Report 2016) During the flooding crisis of Bangkok, Metropolitan Water Works Authority (MWA) tap water had confidently complied with World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines level 2011 (Kitkaew, et al, 2013), customers have lost trust on drinking water supply so one of the strategies is building trust by conducting a project “Drinkable Tap Water Project.”
The results showed that tap water, filtered water, filtered dispenser water, and storage water were clear appearance and low turbidity
Summary
Metropolitan Waterworks Authority (MWA) is a State Enterprise, which has a major responsibility for tap water production in Bangkok, Nonthaburi, and Samut Prakarn Provinces in Thailand. Integrated water quality monitoring is managed for water resources and tap water quality. The water is closely monitored with water treatment process by certified ISO 9001:2015, ISO 14001:2015 and HACCP. Tap water is monitored, analyzed, and quality controlled by our scientists round-the-clock. (MWA Annual Report 2016) During the flooding crisis of Bangkok, MWA tap water had confidently complied with WHO guidelines level 2011 (Kitkaew, et al, 2013), customers have lost trust on drinking water supply so one of the strategies is building trust by conducting a project “Drinkable Tap Water Project.”. Building up confidence for the customers is the key factor, the activities composed of 1) in-house water quality check, 2) Tap water is monitored, analyzed, and quality controlled by our scientists round-the-clock. (MWA Annual Report 2016) During the flooding crisis of Bangkok, MWA tap water had confidently complied with WHO guidelines level 2011 (Kitkaew, et al, 2013), customers have lost trust on drinking water supply so one of the strategies is building trust by conducting a project “Drinkable Tap Water Project.” Building up confidence for the customers is the key factor, the activities composed of 1) in-house water quality check, 2)
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