EVALUATION OF YOUNGSTOCK FATNESS OF BEEF BREEDS AND ITS INTERRELATION WITH LIVE WEIGHT AND PRODUCTIVITY

Abstract

It is not enough to have high productive animals and sufficient quantity of high quality feed stuff for effective beef production. In the production of meat, the primary objective is the proper management of their effective use. Animals in production teams have different body weight, and the rate of feeding of beef-producing animals is calculated, mainly, taking into account their live weight. This is a wrong-headed approach because animals in a group can have the same body weight and have different energy need depending on the fatness status. In other words, the rate of animals feeding should vary not only depending on the body weight, but also taking into account the fatness status of animals.The regrouping of animals, depending on the fatness, becomes a necessary technique in the beef production technological process. This will allow saving expensive feeding stuff, because in the beef cost structure a large share of the cost is accounted for by feed stuff (about 60%). The purpose of the research is to determine the relationship between the body weight and appraisal by points of the fatness of young stock; to determine how much the body weight changes when the fatness changes by 1 point, and to adjust the feeding rates, depending on the fatness status of the animals. Studies were conducted on the young stock of Hereford and Kazakh White-headed cattle. In order to conduct the research, the method of correlation, regression and statistical analysis was used. In the course of the research, it was determined that there is a high positive relationship between the body weight and the animal fatness appraisal by points (r = 0.74 - 0.76 for Hereford and r = 0.81 - 0.79 for Kazakh White-headed cattle). This allowed us to determine the regression coefficients between the signs. It has been established that an increase in fatness by 1 point increases the live weight of young growth of Hereford cattle by 26.1 - 26.7 kg, and in calves of Kazakh White-headed breed by 28.9 - 32.2 kg, which made it possible to determine the necessary changes in the nutritional level upwards for the young growth of Hereford with a fatness of 1 point by 2.45 and 2.67; 2 points by 1.84 and 2.00; 3 points by 1.22 and - 1.33; 4 points by 0.61 – 0.67 EFU [Energetic Feed Unit], respectively, for heifer calves and male calves. For the young growth of Kazakh White-headed cattle these values were: 2.56 and 2.84; 1.92 and 2.13; 1.28 and 1.42; 0.64 and 0.71 EFU. So, the studies show that monitoring the fatness status of the young stock, dividing the animals into groups with different nutritional status and feeding arrangement, depending on the fatness status, are the necessary techniques for economic efficiency achieving in young-stock breeding.