EVALUATION OF YIELD AND ADAPTABILITY OF BREEDING LINES OF WINTER SOFT WHEAT IN THE FOREST-STEPPE OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION

Abstract

Nowadays, breeding for productivity and ecological adaptability are the main directions in breeding of varieties of various agricultural crops. Evaluation of selectable genotypes according to the parameters of ecological adaptability allows to establish the most favorable zones and select suitable technologies for their cultivation. The purpose of the research was to evaluate breeding lines of winter soft wheat by productivity and ecological adaptability in the conditions of the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region. The material for the research was 10 breeding lines of winter soft wheat of various crossing combinations, the study took place in 2018-2021 as study in competitive and preliminary variety tests. It was found that high yields were observed in breeding lines number 6 (on average for the entire period of research of 4.89 t/ha) and number 32 (5.01 t/ha), which is significantly higher than the yield of Fotinya standard (4.20 t/ha , HCP05 = 0.67 t/ha). Consistently high coefficients of adaptability at the level of 1.0 and above (0.95-1.24) had 4 breeding lines - numbers 6, 7, 10 and 32 in all years of variety testing of winter soft wheat. For cultivation under intensive conditions, breeding lines of winter soft wheat number 6 and 32 are of the greatest value, in semi-intensive - lines number 7, 25 and 62, extensive - lines number 10, 13 and 17. Comprehensive assessment in the breeding process of yield, adaptability of genotypes, including ecological plasticity, contributes to more efficient production usage of the created varieties.