Evaluation of WRF Parameterizations for Dynamical Downscaling in the Canary Islands

Abstract

Abstract The ability of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model simulations to perform climate regionalization studies in an orographically complex region, the Canary Islands, is analyzed. Six different 5-yr simulations were carried out to investigate the sensitivity to several parameterization schemes and to uncertainties in sea surface temperature (SST). The simulated maximum and minimum temperatures, together with the daily rainfall, were compared with observational data. To take into account the climatic differences in this archipelago, observational sites were grouped using a geographical regionalization based on principal component analysis and a clustering technique to group the stations according to their climatic characteristics. The analysis showed that both the microphysics and the boundary layer schemes have a large impact on the simulated precipitation. However, the largest differences were observed when the cumulus parameterization, in the coarser domains, was changed. An analysis of the vertical profiles of the simulated hydrometeors was performed to study the differences revealed by the different simulations. Although the cumulus scheme was not applied in the innermost domain, the total amount of water available in the atmospheric column is modified. Moreover, an average increase of 0.7°C in SST, estimated from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) variability, produces changes of the same order as those those obtained with different parameterizations. Temperatures are similarly simulated by the different configurations, except for the case in which an SST increment was introduced. Two configurations (CTRL and LSM-PX) were able to correctly reproduce the studied variables in the Canary Islands, improving the Interim ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim) data and showing their abilities for regional-scale climate studies in this archipelago.