Evaluation of Wound Closure Rates Using a Human Fibroblast-derived Dermal Substitute Versus a Fetal Bovine Collagen Dressing: A Retrospective Study

Abstract

A retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the proportion of patients healed and time to healing of DFUs treated with a human fibroblast-derived dermal substitute (HFDS) or a fetal bovine collagen dressing (FBCD). Data from patients with a DFU who received the first treatment in 2014 were extracted from the electronic record database of 93 wound care centers. Baseline demographics (eg, age, gender, body mass index, and number of wounds); wound location, size, and duration; and wound-specific information such as wound size and number of and interval between applications were obtained. Study criteria stipulated patients who received at least one treatment in 2014 with HFDS or FBCD on a DFU with location coded as foot, toe, heel, metatarsal head, toe web space, toe amputation site, or transmetatarsal amputation site; ulcer size ≥1 cm2 to <20 cm2; and ulcer area reduction ≤50% in the 28 days before the first treatment with HFDS or FBCD were eligible for inclusion. Wounds that received an alternate skin substitute treatment up to 28 days before or concurrent with the first HFDS or FBCD treatment or if patient data that lacked baseline or follow-up wound area measurement were excluded. Deidentified data were extracted directly into data files and transferred to a third-party data management and statistical group for analysis. The frequency of DFUs achieving wound closure (defined as area ≤0.25 cm2) by weeks 12 and 24 and median time to wound closure of wounds that healed were analyzed. Baseline characteristics were compared using 2-sample t tests for continuous variables and 2-tailed Fisher's exact tests for difference in proportions between treatments. Frequency of and median time to wound closure were determined by Cox proportional hazards analysis. The frequency of wounds closed at 12 and 24 weeks, median time to wound closure, hazard ratio with 95% confidence interval, and P value were estimated from the Cox model. Statistical significance was defined as P <.05. Records showed 206 patients with 208 DFUs received treatment (108 HFDS, mean age 60.2 years, mean wound duration 8.8 months; 100 FBCD, mean age 65.2 years, mean wound duration 12.8 months) and were included. Mean number of treatment applications was 4.5 and 2.4 for HFDS and FBCD, respectively. After 12 and 24 weeks 44 (41%) and 69 (64%) of HFDS-treated wounds, respectively, and 21 (21%) and 43 (43%) of FBCD-treated wounds, respectively, were healed (at 12 weeks, P = .03; at 24 weeks, P = .03, log rank 2-tailed test, unadjusted). Median time to wound closure for HFDS and FBCD was 14.6 and 25 weeks, respectively (P = .03; log rank, 2-tailed test; Kaplan-Meier analysis). HFDS treatment significantly increased the probability of wound healing compared to FBCD treatment in the Cox proportional hazards analysis after adjusting for treatment terms, baseline wound area, baseline wound duration, baseline wound depth, wound location, and patient age at first treatment (HR = 1.77; 95% CI: 1.06-2.97; P = .03). DFU wounds are more likely to heal when treated with HFDS than with FBCD as used by facilities in this database. Studies examining the efficacy, cost-effectiveness, and patient-centered outcomes of these treatments is warranted. .