Abstract
The temperature difference in the weld area during the process of welding, cooling the welded product, and post-welding affect the formation of distortion. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the distortion formed and hardness behavior on the ASTM A36 (EN S275) steel plate while welding using different cooling media including air, water, and ice. This involved using the MAG (Metal Active Gas) method, which used the AWS A5.18 ER70S-6 electrode with a 1 mm diameter and an 8 mm plate thickness. The value of distortion on the MAG-welded steel plate was measured using a digital dial indicator and evenly distributed by first making a grid. Moreover, the measuring points from the transverse and longitudinal directions were placed at 20 and 8 rows with a distance of 10 mm between points for each variation of the cooling media, such that 10 mm each was allowed left-right and top-down. The results showed that the highest distortion value of 3.13 was formed on the second row of the air cooling media, and this media was also used to determine the contours and distortion profiles.
Highlights
This study evaluated the effect of three cooling media on the two-sided distortion of
It was concluded that the air cooling media has the ability to reduce the distortion value within the range of 1584 mm while water and ice cooling media ranged between 0.572 mm and 2932 mm, respectively
Even though the lowest torque value was recorded in the water cooling media, the distortion profile formation was sloppier in the air cooling media with a wavy extreme temperature difference at a narrower V angle
Summary
The development of technology in the advanced construction sector is significantly related to welding, which plays an important role in metal engineering and repair. The factors associated with welding production include the manufacturing schedule, preparation process, seam type, machine and electrode selection, welder, tools, and the materials needed. Several studies have been conducted recently to investigate welding distortion. The mitigation of out-of-plane welding distortion was predicted by applying finite element analysis on the structure of a carrier through thermal elastic bands. Studies by [1,2] showed that welding distortions such as buckling and bending were formed through the combination of stress and strain. Others focused on mitigating the distortion through a heat sinking method, which involved dissipating the heat by circulating water from a conduit placed under the welded plate.
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