Abstract
QYR301, 1,3-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid 4-[2-chloro-3-(3,5-dimethyl-pyrazol-1-ylmethyl)-4-methanesulfonyl-benzoyl]-2,5-dimethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl ester, is a novel HPPD-inhibiting herbicide and was evaluated to provide a reference for post-emergence (POST) application under greenhouse and field conditions. The crop safety (180 and 360 g active ingredient (a.i.) ha−1 treatments) experiment revealed that wheat, paddy, garlic and corn were the only four crops without injury at both examined herbicide rates. The weed control efficacy (60 and 120 g a.i. ha−1) experiment showed that QYR301 exhibited high efficacy against many weeds, especially weeds infesting paddy fields. Furthermore, it is interesting that both susceptible and multiple herbicide resistant Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. and Echinochloa phyllopogon (Stapf) Koss, two notorious weed species in paddy field, remained susceptible to QYR301. Further crop tolerance results indicated that 20 tested paddy hybrids displayed different levels of tolerance to QYR301, with the japonica paddy hybrids having more tolerance than indica paddy hybrids under greenhouse conditions. Results obtained from field experiments showed that QYR301 POST at 135 to 180 g a.i. ha−1 was recommended to provide satisfactory full-season control of E. crus-galli and Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees and to maximize rice yields. These findings indicate that QYR301 possesses great potential for the management of weeds in paddy fields.
Highlights
Weeds are among the crop pests and they reduce crop economic yield by 10 to 15% yearly, according to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations1
QYR301, 1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid 4-[2-chloro-3-(3,5-dimethyl-pyrazol-1-ylmethyl)4-methanesulfonyl-benzoyl]-2,5-dimethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl ester (Fig. 1), is a novel HPPD-inhibiting POST herbicide developed by Qingdao Kingagroot Chemicals Co., Ltd. and Shandong Agricultural University in 201114
At the rate of 60 g a.i. ha−1, the application of QYR301 had a high efficacy against 6 of the weeds tested in this experiment, including C. bursa-pastoris, C. iria, E. crus-galli, S. nigrum, Chenopodium serotinum L. and E. prostrata, and the number increased to 9 when treated with QYR301 at the rate of 120 g a.i. ha−1 (Table 2)
Summary
Weeds are among the crop pests and they reduce crop economic yield by 10 to 15% yearly, according to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Modern herbicides have been widely used in the world, with significant contributions to the high crop yield and food quality over the past 50 years. In major field crops (wheat, rice, maize, soybean), are a widespread problem and a significant challenge for global food production. No major new mode of action has been introduced to the market for about 20 years, since discovery efforts were significantly diminished owing to the appearance of glyphosate-resistant crops, company consolidations and the high-risk investment required. Another reason might be that the best molecular target sites used to develop herbicides have already been discovered. Considering the diversity of crops and weeds in China, the objectives of this study were [1] to find an applicable crop by determining the efficacy of QYR301 against 31 common weeds and the crop safety for 22 crops in greenhouse conditions, [2] to determine the QYR301-tolerance of 20 safe crop hybrids in greenhouse conditions, [3] to identify the selectivity of QYR301 between a common Chinese safe crop hybrid and common weeds in greenhouse conditions, [4] to characterize the efficacy of QYR301 against resistant weeds in greenhouse conditions, and [5] to evaluate weed control, crop response and paddy yield in field conditions with QYR301 POST
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