Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) decreases the quality of life of the affected individuals. The incidence of PD is expected to increase given the growing aging population. Motor symptoms associated with PD render the patients unable to self-care and function properly. Given that several drugs have been developed to control motor symptoms, highly sensitive scales for clinical evaluation of drug efficacy are needed. Among such scales, the objective and continuous evaluation of wearable devices is increasingly utilized by clinicians and patients. Several electronic technologies have revolutionized the clinical monitoring of PD development, especially its motor symptoms. Here, we review and discuss the recent advances in the development of wearable devices for bradykinesia, tremor, gait, and myotonia. Our aim is to capture the experiences of patients and clinicians, as well as expand our understanding on the application of wearable technology. In so-doing, we lay the foundation for further research into the use of wearable technology in the management of PD.
Highlights
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic progressive degenerative disease affecting the central nervous system (CNS) [1]
Physicians use subtasks of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) [53, 54] scoring system to assess the severity of bradykinesia on a scale of 0 to 4 [21, 52, 54] (0: normal; 1: slight; 2: mild; 3: moderate; and 4: severe)
Findings from this study showed that the smart watch was highly specific and sensitive in distinguishing postural reemergent tremors of PD from essential tremor. us, smart watch devices are convenient and applicable in the clinical as well as the community settings
Summary
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic progressive degenerative disease affecting the central nervous system (CNS) [1] It was first described in 1817 by James Parkinson [2,3,4,5,6]. The severity of PD motor symptoms and nonmotor symptoms were mainly evaluated by a scale [10] and family diaries [11]. Due to the lack of specific diagnostic biomarkers, it is currently challenging to implement early and effective diagnosis of PD [1, 13, 14]. The accuracy of the diagnostic criteria of the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society is not satisfactory, as it may yield some level of misdiagnosis. We provide the experimental basis for further exploration into the kinematics mechanism of PD. is will enhance early and differential diagnosis [41, 42], in addition to providing strategies of improving the management of PD. e shortcomings and prospects of current evaluation tools are described
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