Abstract
Background and Objective: This study aimed at using application of Water Quality Index (WQI) in evaluating the quality status of some artificial aquatic environments (concrete, earthen and plastic fish tanks/pond) in Roone Fish Farm, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria were studied from October 2018 to September 2019. Methodology: Nine water quality parameters were considered and some samples were measured in-situ (Temperature, pH, conductivity (EC), total dissolved solid (TDS), turbidity, dissolved oxygen (DO) while biological oxygen demand (BOD), nitrate (NO3) and phosphate (PO4) were analyzed in the laboratory following standard methods. Results: The results obtained were subjected to Minitab version 16 and Tukey’s comparison test was also employed to separate means. The water quality index (WQI) calculation used the mean values of the nine (9) parameters chosen using the standards recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) and Indian Council for Medical Research (ICMR) for drinking water quality. The water quality indices for concrete fish tank, earthen fish pond and plastic fish tank were 60.24, 73.34 and 70.20 respectively. Though, earthen fish ponds had higher WQI value and would have considered very poor water with regard to WQI calculation. The values of the WQI revealed that all the three artificial aquatic environments (concrete, earthen and plastic pond/tanks) were considered to be poor water quality. Conclusion and Recommendations: It was concluded that WQI is used as a tool for communicating information on the status of quality in different water bodies despite their medium and purpose of use. It was also recommended that the three artificial aquatic environments water should be monitored regularly and may be treated before use to avoid related public health issues.
Highlights
Water quality index is simple arithmetic methodologies using physico-chemical variables in estimating the level of fitness in any water body
The result obtained is in agreement with Roberts et al [32] 20 – 33°C is considered as maximum temperature range foraquatic life.the temperature of all artificial aquatic environments is higher than World Health Organization (WHO) [28] standard for water quality index (WQI)
Some physico-chemical properties were used to evaluate the water quality status of some artificial aquatic environments using CCME/Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS)/Indian Council for Medical Research (ICMR) and WHO standards for water quality Index.The water quality index (WQI) for concrete tank, earthen pond and plastic tank artificial aquatic environments samples ranges from 60.24 to 73.34
Summary
Water quality index is simple arithmetic methodologies using physico-chemical variables in estimating the level of fitness in any water body. Water quality index is one of the most effective tools to communicate information on the quality of water to the concerned citizens and policies makers [1]. It is a useful factor in relating information on the overall quality of water [2], [3]. This study aimed at using application of Water Quality Index (WQI) in evaluating the quality status of some artificial aquatic environments (concrete, earthen and plastic fish tanks/pond) in Roone Fish Farm, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria were studied from October 2018 to September 2019
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