Abstract
This paper introduces a comprehensive method on how to evaluate wetting properties and oil recovery potential by spontaneous imbibition of “smart water” into a low-permeable limestone reservoir (≈1 mD). The reservoir temperature was 110 °C, and the salinity of the formation water was high (∼208 000 ppm). Crude oils from different possible source rocks were characterized for acid and base numbers, asphaltene, viscosity, and density. The potential of water-based enhanced oil recovery (EOR) was evaluated on the basis of the following studies: (1) The wetting potential of crude oils toward carbonate surface was investigated. (2) The presence of capillary forces in the core material was tested by spontaneous imbibition. (3) The initial wetting condition was determined by the chromatographic wettability test on mildly cleaned cores. (4) The surface reactivity of limestone core toward Ca2+, Mg2+, and SO42− was evaluated, when exposed to seawater at different temperatures (70−150 °C). (5) The presence of anhydrit...
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