Evaluation of volatile constituents, exudation of resin and occurrence of galls of Protium aracouchini (Aubl.) Marchand

Marcia Ortiz Mayo Marques,Leonardo Pinto Cunha,Thiago Augusto Araujo Correia Lima (in memorian),José Eduardo Lahoz da Silva Ribeiro,Maria da Paz Lima

doi:10.22571/2526-4338559

Abstract

Protium aracouchini (Aubl.) Marchand [sin Icica aracouchini Aubl.], which occurs in the Adolpho Ducke Forest Reserve, in the Brazilian Amazon, was evaluated for the presence of galls, for resin exudation and the composition of the essential oils from the aerial parts and the resin. The experiment to stimulate the exudation of resin from the trunk was conducted using a 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid solution. The resin produced after 40 days and the aerial parts had their essential oils extracted in a Clevenger apparatus and the volatile chemical constituents were analyzed using GC/MS. The non-oxygenated sesquiterpenes α-copaene (21.15%) and α-gurjunene (13.69%), in addition to the oxygenated sesquiterpene spathulenol (10.32%), were detected as the majority constituents of the essential oil of the leaves, and a concentration similar to that of α-gurjunene was found in the branches (13.28%). The resin essential oil showed a high concentration of hydrocarbon monoterpenes (76.49%) with a predominance of α-pinene (17.57%) and limonene (46.11%). Four gall morphotypes were found associated with this species. The present study reports for the first time information on the volatile constituents and the resinous potential of P. aracouchini, and registers the morphotypes of the galls that help in the taxonomy of the species.

Highlights

The Protium Burm f. genus (Burseraceae) is constituted of arboreal species of great importance in the Amazonian landscape and one of its striking features is the presence of aromatic resins that are exuded from various species of the genus
Studies related to the volatile components of the resins collected in the Adolpho Ducke Reserve have been performed for P. decandrum (Carvalho et al, 2010), P. hebetatum (Pinto et al, 2010, Ramos et al, 2000, Santana et al, 2020), P. altsonii (Ramos et al, 2000, Santana et al, 2020), P. spruceanum, P. paniculatum var. riedelianum and P. paniculatum var. new (Ramos et al, 2000)
In studies with P. hebetatum “Brazilian elemi” it was evident that the resin produced in large quantities on the tree trunk was associated with the presence of insects that stimulated continuous exudation (Pinto et al, 2010)

Summary

Introduction

The Protium Burm f. genus (Burseraceae) is constituted of arboreal species of great importance in the Amazonian landscape and one of its striking features is the presence of aromatic resins that are exuded from various species of the genus. In the Adolpho Ducke Forest Reserve near ManausAM (AM-010, Km 26), 24 species were identified in an inventoried area of 100 km. In the Adolpho Ducke Forest Reserve near ManausAM (AM-010, Km 26), 24 species were identified in an inventoried area of 100 km2 In this fragment of the Amazonian Rainforest, Protium species occur in different environments and the presence of resins on the trunks and branches on the leaves of several individuals have been. In studies with P. hebetatum “Brazilian elemi” it was evident that the resin produced in large quantities on the tree trunk was associated with the presence of insects that stimulated continuous exudation (Pinto et al, 2010). According to experiments conducted by Lima et al (2016), resin exudation in large quantities in trees of this species can stimulated by the use of the hormone ethephon

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